Linux ssh免密登录配置

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#ssh #authorized_keys #rsa

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本文详细介绍了在一个MHA（MySQL High Availability）集群环境中，如何通过生成RSA密钥和配置authorized_keys文件，实现各节点间的SSH免密码登录。包括系统环境设置、操作系统版本信息、SSH免密登录的步骤及验证。

1 系统环境

1.1 系统环境

hostname	IP	主从角色	MHA角色
mgr	10.11.12.9	N/A	MHA-manager
node1	10.11.12.10	master	MHA-node
node2	10.11.12.11	slave	MHA-node
vip	10.11.12.100

1.2 操作系统版本

[root@node2 .ssh]# more /etc/redhat-release 
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.6 (Maipo)
[root@node2 .ssh]# uname -a
Linux node2 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Oct 4 20:48:51 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

2 配置ssh免密

2.1 生成RSA秘钥文件（所有节点）

ssh-keygen -t rsa

2.2 RSA秘钥文件列表

[root@mgr .ssh]# ls -rtlh
total 12K
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  392 May 13 09:24 id_rsa.pub
-rw-------. 1 root root 1.7K May 13 09:24 id_rsa

2.3 配置authorized_keys

--- 登录mgr,cppy authorized_keys至node1

ssh-copy-id -i node1

--- 登录node1，复制id_rsa.pub内容至authorized_keys

cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys

--- cppy authorized_keys至node2

ssh-copy-id -i node2

--- 登录node2，复制id_rsa.pub内容至authorized_keys

cat /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys

--- 此时authorized_keys文件中存在所有节点的登录秘钥信息

more /root/.ssh/authorized_keys

[root@mgr .ssh]# more /root/.ssh/authorized_keys 
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCuN6VHDscOXF/REJLpQlis4tj16x4xxGvUpgQXd7i+MVvewB9nM3QkVTcVicKsQ70naAycOcBDazVsrezolFGCIbJk2xzLMrIWy5d1u1aBCRR/UuWxRns/sB6O5DroqRJazuZyN4y+NVt72kRGYhvVbWQJaXlUL4cJVTc5zTg3hPjToisvvh7RLyyx8l4WQicFxBVt
J2Yn7eUUsEs56ibHRz/I11IgY8hcJvc6CYaqMWjbzF2CavqOifYUh8pFDhLVxaD5JZyVwLphiK0YnEXjMUHrVpLqu1CYl7b1sOs9oIjrS0sV1mFmnXucrp//gNP2EmvfWvFK10AlIkpBskVz root@mgr
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCyi1RQ3QsJQdPiw+aqJGErm4io1I+2x392p3w5mE6Slt37cqpjDfxTM8GH9ZCRB383oY71FwSnfTfsjMOums5j1ijs4ewG/uaZCSNqMpVO9m+5LLjonUYlCYwf50iYZ1F+8QUidy9kqYK1bSa1QZNguXhtAcQ8ieqN8p9ykg1lqK5v6zNLK4mvZHQtvaT4hQlzb4/C
uPS12kX1ODWe0mwInug2jPayA2l10EFobbXNKqKOlzzu2GJ/FC7lfzD3Jx9AOzEJFs+T25HZKSqzzLoRkD1GxhuznHC7MFmrkgaUqLisdbgPMC+gMDiuwe/3p/1FMm/881qHEHpSSOCOK7Vd root@node1
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDSy2id6xw2ve8q3F/wuqTaZqINMzQKjl9Iu3nO3vvaCF5p42OMGFbHSOIHf+K4x8+Wl8bF4Nea7qeTPB/H3PJYrhUlLcFbhhhC0huB8R7AHqNbWa8k8OQ0AuqQJih8R7Z9qKY3Y3BtwuzsxRMyWk2QIaJ1iCMaECyY0Ds8pXId/F6lA1ilcZbi6mtYoKuKL4qAS6Rz
7jx8BHXCkLfwFPgYeIRUB90UhgJGYtn7S6V3nXs961ft/vB8oBqjR2EqcQEqMFcPX1XPEEaiQQo4uGor5ZcR9dNQkMQfqQiePxB1cwslLq9g5SzOZy+n1+hr6rVj3xTF1+wUaJAn6Lte3+6T root@node2

--- copy authorized_keys至所有节点

scp -r /root/.ssh/authorized_keys root@mgr:/root/.ssh
scp -r /root/.ssh/authorized_keys root@node1:/root/.ssh

至此，免密码登录已经设定完成，注意第一次ssh登录时需要输入密码，再次访问时即可免密码登录。