Android: 彻底搞懂Lifcycle——原理篇

系列文章目录

第一章 Android: 彻底搞懂Lifecycle——使用篇
第二章 Android: 彻底搞懂Lifcycle——原理篇

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前言

上一篇我们认识了Lifecycle，并且学会了它怎么用。本篇再深入了解下它的原理，你会明白它是怎么做到感知生命周期的？

创作此时的最新稳定版是：lifecycle-* 2.4.1

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一、复杂原理——简单说

【一句话概括】
就是会向当前界面添加一个隐藏的fragment，由这个fragment来触发生命周期通知，然后观察者再做出具体的响应处理。

现在我们知道了思路，如需详细了解，咱们接着看源码。

二、复杂原理——详细说

1. Lifecycle抽象类

先看Lifecycle抽象类，下面是Lifecycle 2.4.1的源码：

lifecycle-common-2.4.1.jar—— androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycle.java;

public abstract class Lifecycle {
	@RestrictTo(RestrictTo.Scope.LIBRARY_GROUP)
    @NonNull
    AtomicReference<Object> mInternalScopeRef = new AtomicReference<>();
    @MainThread
    public abstract void addObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer);
    @MainThread
    public abstract void removeObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer);
    @MainThread
    @NonNull
    public abstract State getCurrentState();
    
    public enum Event {
    	ON_CREATE,
        ON_START,
        ON_RESUME,
        ON_PAUSE,
        ON_STOP,
        ON_DESTROY,
        ON_ANY;
        
        public static Event downFrom(@NonNull State state) {}
        public static Event downTo(@NonNull State state) {}
        public static Event upFrom(@NonNull State state) {}
        public static Event upTo(@NonNull State state) {}
        public State getTargetState() {}
    }

	public enum State {
		DESTROYED,
        INITIALIZED,
        CREATED,
        STARTED,
        RESUMED;

		public boolean isAtLeast(@NonNull State state)
	}
}

Lifecycle是个抽象类，里面有添加/移除观察者的方法，还有两个枚举类Event和State：

• Event对应Activity/Fragment中的生命周期回调事件，其中ON_ANY适用于匹配所有的事件；
• State是所处的生命周期状态。
  除此之外其他方法如downFrom()，upTo()这些是辅助状态和事件对应切换的工具方法。

下面是Event和State的关系图：

2. 如何跟Activity/Fragment生命周期关联？

【疑问】那么它是如何跟Activity/Fragment生命周期关联的呢？

在支持库 26.1.0 及更高版本中的 Fragment 和 Activity 已实现 LifecycleOwner 接口。已经是一个拥有生命周期的被观察者了。

可以在AppCompatActivity——>FragmentActivity——>ComponentActivity——>androidx.core.app.ComponentActivity中找到实现。

androidx.core:core:1.8.0-alpha06——androidx.core.app.ComponentActivity.java

@RestrictTo(LIBRARY_GROUP_PREFIX)
public class ComponentActivity extends Activity implements LifecycleOwner{
private LifecycleRegistry mLifecycleRegistry = new LifecycleRegistry(this);// [1]

	@SuppressLint("RestrictedApi")
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        ReportFragment.injectIfNeededIn(this);// [2]
    }

	@CallSuper
    @Override
    protected void onSaveInstanceState(@NonNull Bundle outState) {
        mLifecycleRegistry.markState(Lifecycle.State.CREATED);// [3]
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
    }
	@NonNull
    @Override
    public Lifecycle getLifecycle() {
        return mLifecycleRegistry;// [4]
    }
}

• 注释[1]，创建了LifecycleRegistry, 上篇我们学过如何让自定义的类实现LifecycleOwner接口，而它是 Lifecycle 的实现类。
• [4]，实现了LifecycleOwner的getLifecycle方法。
• [3]，设置Lifecycle状态为CREATED。这里注意到ComponentActivity并没有在各个生命周期方法中来改变 Lifecycle 的 State。

【疑问】那状态怎么改变？
其实是交给了ReportFragment来处理。

• [2]，这里看到将 ComponentActivity 注入到了 ReportFragment 中。我们再看看它源码。
  androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime:2.4.1——androidx.lifecycle.ReportFragment.java

public class ReportFragment extends android.app.Fragment {
	public static void injectIfNeededIn(Activity activity) {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 29) {
            LifecycleCallbacks.registerIn(activity);// [1]
        }
        android.app.FragmentManager manager = activity.getFragmentManager();
        if (manager.findFragmentByTag(REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG) == null) {
            manager.beginTransaction().add(new ReportFragment(), REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG).commit();// [2]
            manager.executePendingTransactions();
        }
    }

	// [3]
	static void dispatch(@NonNull Activity activity, @NonNull Lifecycle.Event event) {
        if (activity instanceof LifecycleRegistryOwner) {
            ((LifecycleRegistryOwner) activity).getLifecycle().handleLifecycleEvent(event);
            return;
        }

        if (activity instanceof LifecycleOwner) {
            Lifecycle lifecycle = ((LifecycleOwner) activity).getLifecycle();
            if (lifecycle instanceof LifecycleRegistry) {
                ((LifecycleRegistry) lifecycle).handleLifecycleEvent(event);
            }
        }
    }

	@Override
    public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
        dispatchCreate(mProcessListener);
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE);// [4]
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        dispatchStart(mProcessListener);
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        dispatchResume(mProcessListener);
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_RESUME);
    }
	...
	@RequiresApi(29)
    static class LifecycleCallbacks implements Application.ActivityLifecycleCallbacks {
    	...
    }
}

• [4]，可以看到各个生命周期方法中都调用了dispatch方法，并传递了Event事件。
• [3]，dispatch方法主要负责获取Lifecycle，调用handleLifecycleEvent方法来处理生命周期Event事件。
• [2]，这里将ReportFragment添加进了当前Activity，由于ReportFragment是无界面的，所以对于用户是看不见的；
• [1]，在SDK29以上注册了LifecycleCallbacks回调，LifecycleCallbacks是Application.ActivityLifecycleCallbacks的实现类，这是29以上才有的api, 在ReportFragment中主要做的任务也是调用dispatch方法，分发生命周期事件。

androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime:2.4.1——androidx.lifecycle.LifecycleRegistry.java

	public void handleLifecycleEvent(@NonNull Lifecycle.Event event) {
        enforceMainThreadIfNeeded("handleLifecycleEvent");
        moveToState(event.getTargetState());
    }

首先验证了下是否在主线程，event.getTargetState()获取此事件的状态，然后传递给moveToState方法，改变状态。

		@NonNull
        public State getTargetState() {
            switch (this) {
                case ON_CREATE:
                case ON_STOP:
                    return State.CREATED;
                case ON_START:
                case ON_PAUSE:
                    return State.STARTED;
                case ON_RESUME:
                    return State.RESUMED;
                case ON_DESTROY:
                    return State.DESTROYED;
                case ON_ANY:
                    break;
            }
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(this + " has no target state");
        }

这里的状态变化可以参考开头的关系时序图。

	private void moveToState(State next) {
        if (mState == next) {
            return;
        }
        mState = next;
        if (mHandlingEvent || mAddingObserverCounter != 0) {
            mNewEventOccurred = true;
            return;
        }
        mHandlingEvent = true;
        sync();
        mHandlingEvent = false;
    }

	private void sync() {
        LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner = mLifecycleOwner.get();
        if (lifecycleOwner == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("LifecycleOwner of this LifecycleRegistry is already"
                    + "garbage collected. It is too late to change lifecycle state.");
        }
        while (!isSynced()) {
            mNewEventOccurred = false;
            if (mState.compareTo(mObserverMap.eldest().getValue().mState) < 0) {
                backwardPass(lifecycleOwner);
            }
            Map.Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> newest = mObserverMap.newest();
            if (!mNewEventOccurred && newest != null
                    && mState.compareTo(newest.getValue().mState) > 0) {
                forwardPass(lifecycleOwner);
            }
        }
        mNewEventOccurred = false;
    }

moveToState方法：先判断与当前状态是否一致，不一致则调用sync方法改变状态；

sync 方法中会根据当前状态判断是向前还是向后。

【疑问】怎样是向前？怎样是向后呢？

我们可以对照开头的Lifecycle时序图，状态由INITIALIZED——>到RESUMED 是向前，反之就是向后。

向前和向后的代码实现差不多，这里就以向前为例：

	private void backwardPass(LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner) {
        Iterator<Map.Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState>> descendingIterator =
                mObserverMap.descendingIterator();
        while (descendingIterator.hasNext() && !mNewEventOccurred) {
            Map.Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> entry = descendingIterator.next();
            ObserverWithState observer = entry.getValue();
            while ((observer.mState.compareTo(mState) > 0 && !mNewEventOccurred
                    && mObserverMap.contains(entry.getKey()))) {
                Event event = Event.downFrom(observer.mState);// [1]
                if (event == null) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("no event down from " + observer.mState);
                }
                pushParentState(event.getTargetState());
                observer.dispatchEvent(lifecycleOwner, event);
                popParentState();// [2]
            }
        }
    }

• [1]，获取了当前状态的下个event事件。
• [2]，事件会传给ObserverWithState（状态观察者）对象的dispatchEvent方法来分发。
  ObserverWithState是LifecycleRegistry的内部类。

	static class ObserverWithState {
        State mState;
        LifecycleEventObserver mLifecycleObserver;

        ObserverWithState(LifecycleObserver observer, State initialState) {
            mLifecycleObserver = Lifecycling.lifecycleEventObserver(observer);// [1]
            mState = initialState;
        }

        void dispatchEvent(LifecycleOwner owner, Event event) {
            State newState = event.getTargetState();
            mState = min(mState, newState);
            mLifecycleObserver.onStateChanged(owner, event);// [2]
            mState = newState;
        }
    }

• [2]，主要是这里，调用观察者的onStateChanged方法。
• [1],可以看到mLifecycleObserver会在ObserverWithState构造方法实例化。通过调用Lifecycling.lifecycleEventObserver方法获取LifecycleEventObserver实例；
  而ObserverWithState的实例化是在调用addObserver方法添加观察者的时候自动创建的。

androidx.lifecycle.Lifecycling.java

public class Lifecycling {

	static LifecycleEventObserver lifecycleEventObserver(Object object) {
        boolean isLifecycleEventObserver = object instanceof LifecycleEventObserver;
        boolean isFullLifecycleObserver = object instanceof FullLifecycleObserver;
        if (isLifecycleEventObserver && isFullLifecycleObserver) {
            return new FullLifecycleObserverAdapter((FullLifecycleObserver) object,
                    (LifecycleEventObserver) object);
        }
        if (isFullLifecycleObserver) {
            return new FullLifecycleObserverAdapter((FullLifecycleObserver) object, null);
        }

        if (isLifecycleEventObserver) {
            return (LifecycleEventObserver) object;
        }
        ...
     }
}

此方法通过判断观察者类型来转换对应的观察者适配器；

还记得上篇中，我们继承DefaultLifecycleObserver来自定义观察者类吗， DefaultLifecycleObserver的父类就是FullLifecycleObserver， 现在我们主要看下FullLifecycleObserverAdapter适配器怎么实现的。

androidx.lifecycle.FullLifecycleObserverAdapter.java

class FullLifecycleObserverAdapter implements LifecycleEventObserver {

    private final FullLifecycleObserver mFullLifecycleObserver;
    private final LifecycleEventObserver mLifecycleEventObserver;

    FullLifecycleObserverAdapter(FullLifecycleObserver fullLifecycleObserver,
            LifecycleEventObserver lifecycleEventObserver) {
        mFullLifecycleObserver = fullLifecycleObserver;
        mLifecycleEventObserver = lifecycleEventObserver;
    }

    @Override
    public void onStateChanged(@NonNull LifecycleOwner source, @NonNull Lifecycle.Event event) {
        switch (event) {
            case ON_CREATE:
                mFullLifecycleObserver.onCreate(source);
                break;
            case ON_START:
                mFullLifecycleObserver.onStart(source);
                break;
            case ON_RESUME:
                mFullLifecycleObserver.onResume(source);
                break;
            case ON_PAUSE:
                mFullLifecycleObserver.onPause(source);
                break;
            case ON_STOP:
                mFullLifecycleObserver.onStop(source);
                break;
            case ON_DESTROY:
                mFullLifecycleObserver.onDestroy(source);
                break;
            case ON_ANY:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("ON_ANY must not been send by anybody");
        }
        if (mLifecycleEventObserver != null) {
            mLifecycleEventObserver.onStateChanged(source, event);
        }
    }
}

在onStateChanged中判断事件类型，直接调用了观察者的生命周期回调方法。

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总结

简单吧，利用Fragment来分发状态，并计算出下一状态和事件后，经过适配器转换找到观察者的生命周期回调方法。这是目前新版的原理。
在之前的版本中是利用注解找到观察者的事件对应回调方法，然后通过反射进行调用的。现在新版中已经弃用了。
最后，官方是强烈推荐使用DefaultLifecycleObserver来代替@OnLifecycleEvent注解方式的。

【思考🤔】你知道使用“Fragment来观察生命周期”这种方式的，还有哪些知名第三方库吗？

上一篇
Android: 彻底搞懂Lifecycle——使用篇

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