C++ dynamic_cast强制类型转换

C++中dynamic_cast用于类继承层次间的转换(包括类指针和类引用的转换)，既可以将基类类型转换成派生类类型，也可将派生类类型转换成基类类型，其语法为：

dynamic_cast<new_type>(expression)

不过常用的还是向下转换，因为dynamic_cast会对转换进行安全检查，至于向上转换一般会用其它强制类型转换操作符(考虑到dynamic_cast的效率)，具体事例如下：

class Base {
public:
	Base() {};
	virtual void test() {
		cout<<"this is base class"<<endl;
	}
};
class Derived:class Base {
	public:
		Derived() {};
		void test() {
			cout<<"this is derived class"<<endl;
		}
};

对于向下转换，有两种情形，第一种是基类指针或引用对象是派生类类型，即：

//指针
Base* base_p = new Derived();
Derived* derived_p = dynamic_cast<derived*>(base_p);
derived_p->test();  //输出“this is derived class”

//引用
Derived derived_q;
Base& base_q = derived_q;
Derived& derived_q2 = dynamic_cast<derived*>(base_q);
derived_q2.test();  //输出“this is derived class”

而对于第二种情形，即基类指针或引用对象是基类类型，则会转换失败，即dynamic_cast中new_type和expression需是同一类型转换才会成功。