数据类型
#字符串
oct() 8进值
hex() 16进值
bin() 2进值
decimal()精度处理。
print(‘what’s your name?’)
\在这里是单引号配对的处理。转义符。
转义符:,’,",\n(回车),\b(删除键).
忽略转义符:r’…’
“”"…"""说明性文档。
len() 字符串长度。
s = "abcdefghijk"
print(s[0:4])
print(s[len(s)-1])
print(s[-1])
print(s[:])
print(s[::2])
print(s[::-1])
输出结果:abcd
k
k
abcdefghijk
acegik
kjihgfedcba
print(s[::2]) 代表隔一个取一个。
print(s[::-1]) 代表反转的顺序。
print(ord("d"))
print(chr(77))
结果是:100
M
ord() 代表字母表示的数字
chr() 代表数字表示的字母。
h = "hello"
print(h.replace("e","a"))
print(h)
h = h.replace("e","a")
print(h)
结果是:
hallo
hello
hallo
布尔型:
print(isinstance(True,int))
result = True+1
print(result)
输出结果是:True
2
True=1,False=0
s = "classroom"
l = list(s)
print(l)
l[-1]="i"
print(l)
s = "".join(l)
print(s)
s = "|".join(l)
print(s)
结果是:
[‘c’, ‘l’, ‘a’, ‘s’, ‘s’, ‘r’, ‘o’, ‘o’, ‘m’]
[‘c’, ‘l’, ‘a’, ‘s’, ‘s’, ‘r’, ‘o’, ‘o’, ‘i’]
classrooi
c|l|a|s|s|r|o|o|i
split、stratwith、endwith、find
s = "sara,joye,tom"
l = s.split(",")
print(l)
url = "classroom.com"
print(url.startswith("k"))
print(url.endswith("com"))
print(url.find("."))
结果是:
[‘sara’, ‘joye’, ‘tom’]
False
True
9
.format
a,b = 1,2
a,b = b,a
print(a)
print(b)
print("{}=>{}".format(a,b))
print("{name}=>{salary}".format(name="tom",salary="5000"))
结果是:
2=>1
tom=>5000
.upper
转化为大写。
列表
遍历
s = "classroom"
l = list(s)
print(l)
for c in l:
print(c)
for c in l:
print(c,end="|")
结果是:
[‘c’, ‘l’, ‘a’, ‘s’, ‘s’, ‘r’, ‘o’, ‘o’, ‘m’]
c
l
a
s
s
r
o
o
m
c|l|a|s|s|r|o|o|m|
l = [1,2,3,5,8]
res = []
for i in l:
res.append(i**2)
print(res)
l1 = [i**2 for i in l]
print(l1)
结果是:
[1, 4]
[1, 4, 9]
[1, 4, 9, 25]
[1, 4, 9, 25, 64]
[1, 4, 9, 25, 64]
print([c*3 for c in "code"])
结果是:
[‘ccc’, ‘ooo’, ‘ddd’, ‘eee’]
列表的替换
l = [1,2,3,4]
l[1:2]=[5,6]
print(l)
结果是:
[1, 5, 6, 3, 4]
列表相乘
print(["class"]*3)
结果是:
[‘class’, ‘class’, ‘class’]
列表的追加
l = [1,2,3,4]
l.append(8)
print(l)
结果是:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 8]
.append()是追加一个元素。
.extend()是追加几个元素。
列表的排序
l.sort()
print(l)
l.reverse()
print(l)
结果是:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 8]
[8, 4, 3, 2, 1]
索引位置
print(l.index(3))
结果是:2
统计计数
print(l.count(4))
结果是:
1
列表的副本
l = [1,2,3,4,4]
l1 = l
l[1]=6
print(l)
print(l1)
l2=l[:]
l[1]=7
print(l)
print(l2)
l=[1,2,1,5]
l4 = l.copy()
l[2]=9
print(l)
print(l4)
结果是:
[1, 6, 3, 4, 4]
[1, 6, 3, 4, 4]
[1, 7, 3, 4, 4]
[1, 6, 3, 4, 4]
[1, 2, 9, 5]
[1, 2, 1, 5]