C++基础语法知识点归纳

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-22 12:10:16 发布

sarah_jieyu

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-22 12:10:16 发布

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文章标签： c++ delete string float 语言存储

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/sarah_jieyu/article/details/6509226

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在看《c++ Primer Plus 》的学习笔记，和大家分享，都是些很简单的东西，但是很少能看得那么仔细，大家一起进步~~~

Code:

#include<iostream>
#include<climits> //该头文件中定义了很多数据类型的大小，长度的宏
#include<string> //string类头文件
#include<cstring> //c语言中的string库
using namespace std;
char * getname(void);
struct inflatable //该结构体的申明可以在main函数中申明，
{ //但是就只能被main使用，如果有其他函数，不能使用该结构体
char name[20];
float volume;
double price;
};
int main()
{
int n_int = INT_MAX;
short n_short = SHRT_MAX;
long n_long = LONG_MAX;
cout << "int is " << sizeof (int) << " bytes." << endl;
cout << "short is " << sizeof n_short << " bytes." << endl;
cout << "long is " << sizeof n_long << " bytes." << endl << endl;
cout << "Maxinum values:" << endl;
cout << "int: " << n_int << endl;
cout << "short: " << n_short << endl;
cout << "long: " << n_long << endl << endl;
cout << "Mininum int value = " << INT_MIN << endl;
cout << "Bits per byte = " << CHAR_BIT << endl;
int R(321); //c++中的另一种赋值方式
cout << "R" << " = " << R << endl << endl;
int chest = 42;
int waist = 42;
int inseam = 42;
cout << "Monsieur cuts a striking figure!" << endl;
cout << "chest = " << chest << " (decimal)" << endl;
cout << hex;
cout << "waist = " << waist << " (hexadecimal)" << endl;
// cout << oct;
cout << oct << "inseam = " << inseam << " (octal)" << endl << endl;
cout << dec << 8 << endl;
字符验证
char ch = 'M';
int i = ch;
cout << "The ASCII code for " << ch << " is " << i << endl;
cout << "Add one to the character code: "<< endl;
ch = ch + 1;
i = ch;
cout << "The ASCII code for " << ch << " is " << i << endl;
cout << "Displaying char ch using cout.put(ch): ";
cout.put(ch);
cout.put('!');
cout << endl << "Done" << endl;
char alarm = '/a';
cout << alarm << "Don't do that again!/a/n";
cout << "Ben /"Buggsie/" Hacker/nwas here!/n";
wchar_t bob = L'P';
wcout << L"tall" <<endl; //用两个字节来存储一个字符
cout << 3.15E+3 << endl;
cout << sizeof (float) << " : " << sizeof (double) << " : " << sizeof (long double) << endl;
float a = 2.34E22f;
float b = a + 1.0f; //这个例子验证浮点数的精度问题
cout << endl << "b - a = " << b - a << endl;
cout << endl << int (3.9) << ":" << int (3.4) << endl;
int modee = 13 % 2 * 4;
cout << "modee = " << modee << endl;
int cards[4]={1,2,3,4};
cout << "the size of cards : " << sizeof (cards) << endl;
cout << "the size of the element of cards : " << sizeof (cards[0]) << endl;
///
char dog[5] = {'a','p','p','l','e'};
char cat[5] = {'k','i','t','y','/0'};
cout << "the name of dog is : " << dog <<endl; //会打印无效的字符，直到遇到空字符为止
cout << "the name of cat is : " << cat << endl;
///get() 和 getline()的用法
const int ArSize = 20;
char name[ArSize];
char dessert[ArSize];
cout << "/nEnter your name :/n";
// cin.getline(name,ArSize);
cin.get(name,ArSize);
cin.get(); //必须要有这一句，不然dessert储存的便是换行符
cout << "Enter your favorite dessert :/n";
// cin.getline(dessert,ArSize);
cin.get(dessert,ArSize);
cin.get(); //刚开始没有加这个，导致后面的name里面放的换行符
cout << "I have some delicious " << dessert << " for you, " << name << "./n";
cout << endl << "Try again in another way " << endl;
cin.getline(name,ArSize).getline(dessert,ArSize);
cout << "I have some delicious " << dessert << " for you, " << name << "./n";
// get()可以用来检查错误，通过查看最后一个字符是不是‘/0’
cin.clear() 的用法读取空行时候面对的问题 ///
char blank[ArSize];
cout <<endl << "Enter /"enter/" key derectly ,in order to create a blank line" << endl;
cin.get(blank,ArSize).get();
// cin.get(blank,ArSize); //这里不管用这两种方式中哪一种，都会阻断后面name的输入，
cin.clear(); //解决这种问题的方法只能在这里加入一个cin.clear();
//但是这里加了这个也不管作用，貌似只要输入空行就会阻断后面的输入，
// 大家能不能帮忙看看这个
cout << "Enter your name: " ;
cin.get(name,ArSize).get();
cout << "blank is : " << blank << endl;
cout << "name is : " << name << endl;
// string 的用法 ///
string s1 = "penguin";
string s2,s3;
cout << endl << "you can assign one string object to another : s2 = s1/n";
s2 = s1;
cout << "s1: " << s1 << ", s2: " << s2 << endl;
cout << "You can assign a C-style string to a string object./n";
cout << "s2 =/"buzzard/"/n";
s2 = "buzzard";
cout << "s2: " << s2 << endl;
cout << "You can concatenate strings: s3 = s1 + s2/n";
s3 = s1 + s2;
cout << "s3: " << s3 << endl;
cout << "you can append strings./n";
s1 += s2;
cout << "s1 += s2 yields s1 = " << s1 << endl;
s2 += " for a day";
cout << "s2 += /" for a day/" yields s2 = " << s2 << endl;
/// string类 I/O 的用法 /
char charr[20];
string str;
cout << endl;
cout << "Length of string in charr before input: "
<< strlen(charr) << endl; //这里输出的结果很可能不是20，
cout << "Length of string in str before input: " //因为未初始化的数组的内容是未定义的
<< str.size() << endl;
cout << "Enter a line of text: /n";
cin.getline(charr,20);
cout << "You entered: " << charr << endl;
cout << "Enter another line of text: /n";
getline(cin,str); //这里只算第一行输入的字符串
cout << "You entered: " << str << endl;
cout << "Length of string in charr after input: "
<< strlen(charr) << endl;
cout << "length of string in str after input: "
<< str.size() << endl;
cin >> str; // 注意，这种方法只能输入一个词，不能输入一个句子
cout << "str : " << str << endl; //这里还有一个问题，如果在上一个getline(cin,str)的输入中，
//你输入了两行，那么后一行会排在输入队列中，作为这里的str输入，
//这样str直接输出结果，不会给你输入的机会
/// C++ 中结构体的用法 /
inflatable guest =
{
"Glorious Gloria",
1.88f,
29.99
};
inflatable pal =
{
"Audacious Arthur",
3.12f,
32.99
};
cout << endl;
cout << "Expand your guest list with "<< guest.name;
cout << " and " << pal.name << endl;
cout << "You can have both for $";
cout << guest.price + pal.price << "!/n";
// 枚举的使用方法 ///
enum spectrum {red, orange, yellow, green, blue, biolet, indigo, ultraviolet};
spectrum band;
band = blue;
// band = 2000; // 这种赋值是非法的
cout << endl;
cout << "band = blue" << endl;
cout << "band = " << band << endl;
band = orange;
// ++band; // 这种操作是非法的
// band = orange + red; // 非法操作
int color = blue;
// band = 3; // 非法，不能将3赋值给一个枚举变量
color = 3 + red;
cout << endl;
cout << "color = 3 + red" << endl;
cout << "color = " << color << endl;
band = spectrum(3); //强制转换类型 c++通过强制转换类型，增加了可赋给枚举变量的合法值
cout << endl;
cout << "band = spectrum(3)" << endl;
cout << "band = " << band << endl;
// 指针的使用方法 /
// long * fellow; // 这种用法不正确，一定要在将fellow指定一个具体的地址
// *fellow = 223323 ;
int *pt;
pt= (int *) 0xB8000000; // 可以给pt指定地址
cout << endl;
cout << "location of pt is : " << pt << endl;
new 和 delete的用法 ///
double *p3 = new double [3];
p3[0] = 0.2;
p3[1] = 0.5;
p3[2] = 0.8;
cout << endl;
cout << "p3[1] is " << p3[1] << endl;
p3 = p3 + 1; // 这里将指针当数组名使用，如果定义的时候不是指针，
cout << "now p3[0] is " << p3[0] << endl; // 是数组名形式，那么不可以加1，但是这里可以加1
cout << "p3[1] is" << p3[1] << "./n";
p3 = p3 - 1;
delete [] p3;
一个使用new 和 delete的例子
char * sname; // 这种方法是根据需要分配内存空间
sname = getname(); // 同时要注意的是 new 和 delete 在不同的函数中，
cout << sname << " at " << (int *)sname << "/n"; // delete很容易忘记，但是这样是可以的
delete [] sname;
sname = getname();
cout << sname << " at " << (int *)sname << "/n";
delete [] sname;
return 0;
}
char *getname()
{
char temp[80];
cout << "Enter last name: ";
cin >> temp;
char *pn = new char[strlen(temp) + 1];
strcpy(pn,temp);
return pn;
}