窗口函数 dense_rank() : 1,1,1,2

表: Employee

+--------------+---------+
| Column Name  | Type    |
+--------------+---------+
| id           | int     |
| name         | varchar |
| salary       | int     |
| departmentId | int     |
+--------------+---------+
id 是该表的主键列(具有唯一值的列)。
departmentId 是 Department 表中 ID 的外键（reference 列）。
该表的每一行都表示员工的ID、姓名和工资。它还包含了他们部门的ID。

表: Department

+-------------+---------+
| Column Name | Type    |
+-------------+---------+
| id          | int     |
| name        | varchar |
+-------------+---------+
id 是该表的主键列(具有唯一值的列)。
该表的每一行表示部门ID和部门名。

公司的主管们感兴趣的是公司每个部门中谁赚的钱最多。一个部门的 高收入者 是指一个员工的工资在该部门的 不同 工资中 排名前三 。

编写解决方案，找出每个部门中 收入高的员工 。

以 任意顺序 返回结果表。

返回结果格式如下所示。

示例 1:

输入: 
Employee 表:
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| id | name  | salary | departmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1  | Joe   | 85000  | 1            |
| 2  | Henry | 80000  | 2            |
| 3  | Sam   | 60000  | 2            |
| 4  | Max   | 90000  | 1            |
| 5  | Janet | 69000  | 1            |
| 6  | Randy | 85000  | 1            |
| 7  | Will  | 70000  | 1            |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
Department  表:
+----+-------+
| id | name  |
+----+-------+
| 1  | IT    |
| 2  | Sales |
+----+-------+
输出: 
+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT         | Max      | 90000  |
| IT         | Joe      | 85000  |
| IT         | Randy    | 85000  |
| IT         | Will     | 70000  |
| Sales      | Henry    | 80000  |
| Sales      | Sam      | 60000  |
+------------+----------+--------+

实现代码：

select dn as Department,

           en as Employee,

           salary as Salary

from(

select d.name as dn,

            e.name as en,

            e.salary,

            dense_rank() over (partition by departmentid order by salary desc) as d_rank

from Employee e left join Department d on e.departmentid = d.id

) as t_ed

where d_rank <= 3;

注意点：

1.这是原代码，执行错误：

select dn as Department,

           en as Employee,

           salary as Salary,

from(

select d.name as dn,

            e.name as en,

            e.salary,

            dense_rank() over (partition by departmentid order by salary desc) as d_rank

from Employee e left join Department d on e.departmentid = d.id

) as t_ed

where d_rank <= 3;

想了半天不得其解，原来是from前有个逗号，导致报错:

You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'from( select d.name as dn, e.name as en, e.salary, ' at line 5

2.派生表一定要有别名

如果没有给子查询表别名t_ed，会出现如下报错：

Every derived table must have its own alias.    所有派生表必须拥有自己的别名。

3.窗口函数的使用

dense_rank() over (partition by departmentid order by salary desc)

第一部分：选取函数 dense_rank()

第二部分：over(  )

第三部分：partition by 分类

第四部分：order by 排序       窗口函数内，同样可以加DESC