Python学习(四) 列表

• 定义：[]
• 可存放任意基本数据类型
  • 浮点型
  • 整型
  • 长整型
  • 字符串
  • 复数

# 随意创建3个列表，同一个列表中可以存放任意基本数据类型
list1 = [3.14, 5.96, 1897, 2020, "China", 3 + 4j]
list2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
list3 = ["BeiJing", "ShangHai", "NanJing", "GuangZhou"]
list4 = []

• 访问
  • 单个访问：坐标，从0开始
  • 多个访问：坐标，左闭右开取值

#通过索引下标访问列表中的单个元素
print("list1[2]: ",list1[2]) 
print("list2[2]: ",list2[2])
print("list3[2]: ",list3[2])
#通过索引下标一次访问多个元素
print("list1[0:2]:",list1[0:2])

执行结果：

list1[2]:  1897
list2[2]:  3
list3[2]:  NanJing
list1[0:2]: [3.14, 5.96]

• 更改

list1 = [3.14, 5.96, 1897, 2020, "China", 3 + 4j]
print("before list1[3]: ", list1[3])
list1[3] = "Change"
print("after list1[3]: ", list1[3])

执行结果：

before list1[3]:  2020
after list1[3]:  Change

• 删除
  • del：坐标
  • remove：值
  • clear

list1 = [3.14, 5.96, 1897, 2020, "China", 3 + 4j]
print("Before the operation:", list1)
del list1[3]
list1.remove(3 + 4j)
print("After deleting the element:", list1)
list1.clear()
print("After the emptying of the list:", list1)

执行结果：

Before the operation: [3.14, 5.96, 1897, 2020, 'China', (3+4j)]
After deleting the element: [3.14, 5.96, 1897, 'China']
After the emptying of the list: []

• 添加
  • append：末尾追加
  • insert：插入到该坐标，其他元素后移

list1 = [3.14, 5.96, 1897, 2020, "China", 3 + 4j]
print("before list1: ", list1)
list1.append("New Ele-I")
list1.insert(2, "New Ele-II")
print("after list1: ", list1)

执行结果：

before list1:  [3.14, 5.96, 1897, 2020, 'China', (3+4j)]
after list1:  [3.14, 5.96, 'New Ele-II', 1897, 2020, 'China', (3+4j), 'New Ele-I']

• 内建方法
  • len
  • max
  • min
  • count
  • index：第一个匹配项索引
  • copy
  • reverse

list1 = [2012, 1949, 1897, 2050, 1945, 1949];
#求列表长度，即列表中元素的个数:len(obj)
print("The length of the list: ", len(list1))
#求列表中元素的最大值：max(list)
print("The largest element in the list: ", max(list1))
#求列表中元素的最小值：min(list)
print("The smallest element in the list: ", min(list1))
#统计某个元素在列表中出现的次数：list.count(obj)
print("The number of times 1949 appears: ", list1.count(1949))
#从列表中找出某个值第一个匹配项的索引位置：list.index(obj)
print("The index of the first location of 1949: ", list1.index(1949))
#复制一个已有的表:list.copy()
list2 = list1.copy()
print("list2:", list2)
#反转一个已有的表:list.reverse()
list1.reverse()
print("After reversing :", list1)

执行结果：

The length of the list:  6
The largest element in the list:  2050
The smallest element in the list:  1897
The number of times 1949 appears:  2
The index of the first location of 1949:  1
list2: [2012, 1949, 1897, 2050, 1945, 1949]
After reversing : [1949, 1945, 2050, 1897, 1949, 2012]

• 常用操作
  • 拼接
  • 乘法
  • 迭代
  • 嵌套

list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]
list2 = [5, 6, "BeiJin", 7, 8]
# 列表拼接
print("list1 + list2:", list1 + list2)
# 列表乘法
print("list1*2:", list1 * 2)
# 判断元素是否存在于列表中
print("3 in list1?", 3 in list1)
print("100 in list1?", 100 in list1)
# 迭代
for element in list1:
    print(element)
# 列表嵌套
list3 = [list1, list2]
print("list3:", list3)

执行结果：

list1 + list2: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 'BeiJin', 7, 8]
list1*2: [1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4]
3 in list1? True
100 in list1? False
1
2
3
4
list3: [[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 'BeiJin', 7, 8]]

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