Thread类

引言

抠Thread类所有公有的方法和实现。

线程的状态:内部枚举类State

public enum State {
        /**
         * Thread state for a thread which has not yet started.
         */
        NEW,

        /**
         * Thread state for a runnable thread.  A thread in the runnable
         * state is executing in the Java virtual machine but it may
         * be waiting for other resources from the operating system
         * such as processor.
         */
        RUNNABLE,

        /**
         * Thread state for a thread blocked waiting for a monitor lock.
         * A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock
         * to enter a synchronized block/method or
         * reenter a synchronized block/method after calling
         * {@link Object#wait() Object.wait}.
         */
        BLOCKED,

        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread.
         * A thread is in the waiting state due to calling one of the
         * following methods:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait() Object.wait} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join() Thread.join} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#park() LockSupport.park}</li>
         * </ul>
         *
         * <p>A thread in the waiting state is waiting for another thread to
         * perform a particular action.
         *
         * For example, a thread that has called <tt>Object.wait()</tt>
         * on an object is waiting for another thread to call
         * <tt>Object.notify()</tt> or <tt>Object.notifyAll()</tt> on
         * that object. A thread that has called <tt>Thread.join()</tt>
         * is waiting for a specified thread to terminate.
         */
        WAITING,

        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread with a specified waiting time.
         * A thread is in the timed waiting state due to calling one of
         * the following methods with a specified positive waiting time:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link #sleep Thread.sleep}</li>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait(long) Object.wait} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join(long) Thread.join} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkNanos LockSupport.parkNanos}</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkUntil LockSupport.parkUntil}</li>
         * </ul>
         */
        TIMED_WAITING,

        /**
         * Thread state for a terminated thread.
         * The thread has completed execution.
         */
        TERMINATED;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the state of this thread.
     * This method is designed for use in monitoring of the system state,
     * not for synchronization control.
     *
     * @return this thread's state.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public State getState() {
        // get current thread state
        return sun.misc.VM.toThreadState(threadStatus);
    }

需要关注一个常常被忽略的方法

   public static native boolean holdsLock(Object obj);

判断当前线程是否持有锁。

状态变化的几个方法

这几个方法比较常见就不解释了~

yield()
sleep(long millis)
sleep(long millis, int nanos)
start()
join(long)
join(long, int)
join()
run()
isAlive()

这几个解释一下：

interrupt(): 线程实例请求中断
isInterrupted(): 返回线程实例是否中断
interrupted(): 当前线程(currentThread方法)是否中断

初始化

初始化主要了解两个方法：

public Thread() {
	init(null, null, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0);
}

public Thread(ThreadGroup group, Runnable target, String name,long stackSize) {
	init(group, target, name, stackSize);
}

其余重载方法就是前三个参数的组合。

这里我们不拓展讲init方法，init方法将新线程和当前线程的绝大多数属性都设置为一致。

这里讲一下未指定线程名时会设置为"Thread-" + nextThreadNum()，而nextThreadNum是一个同步的方法：

    /* For autonumbering anonymous threads. */
    private static int threadInitNumber;
    private static synchronized int nextThreadNum() {
        return threadInitNumber++;
    }

需要注意的是，这个是只针对匿名初始化线程的！看下面的代码：

//原本的		
System.out.println(new Thread().getName()); //Thread-0
System.out.println(new Thread().getName()); //Thread-1
System.out.println(new Thread().getName()); //Thread-2
//修改了中间的构造方法
System.out.println(new Thread().getName()); //Thread-0
System.out.println(new Thread("mid").getName()); //mid
System.out.println(new Thread().getName()); //Thread-1

一些其他获取属性的方法：

setPriority(int)
getPriority()
setName(String name)
getName()
getThreadGroup()
setDaemon(boolean isDaemon)
isDaemon()
getId()
getState()

Thread类中所有一些和ThreadGroup相关的方法：

activeCount() 获取当前线程组中存活的线程数量
enumerate(Thread[] tarray) 获取线程组的后辈线程数量

异常相关Debug相关

Thread中有一个和异常相关函数接口，当线程由于异常终止时不会触发JVM的异常终止，而是会调用该接口的方法。

	@FunctionalInterface
    public interface UncaughtExceptionHandler {
        /**
         * Method invoked when the given thread terminates due to the
         * given uncaught exception.
         * <p>Any exception thrown by this method will be ignored by the
         * Java Virtual Machine.
         * @param t the thread
         * @param e the exception
         */
        void uncaughtException(Thread t, Throwable e);
    }

例如：
原本会触发JVM的异常机制：

	public static void main(String[] args){
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(()->{
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("bug");
        });

        thread1.start();
    }
    // Exception in thread "Thread-0" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: bug

修改后：

	public static void main(String[] args){
        Thread thread1 = new Thread(()->{
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("bug");
        });

        thread1.setUncaughtExceptionHandler((Thread thread, Throwable throwable)->{
            System.out.println("hhhh");
        });

        thread1.start();
    }
    //最终打印 hhhh

相应的有些方法：

setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(UncaughtExceptionHandler eh)
getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler
getUncaughtExceptionHandler
setUncaughtExceptionHandler(UncaughtExceptionHandler eh)

还有一些debug的方法也不介绍了：

getStackTrace
getAllStackTraces
checkAccess
dumpStack

上下文

setContextClassLoader(ClassLoader cl)方法和getContextClassLoader()通过下面这个例子理解~

public class SetContextLoader implements Runnable {

	Thread thread;

	public SetContextLoader() {
		thread = new Thread(this);
		thread.start();
	}

	public void run() {
		ClassLoader classLoader = thread.getContextClassLoader();
		/* Sets the context ClassLoader for this Thread. */
		thread.setContextClassLoader(ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader());
		System.out.println("Class - " + classLoader.getClass());
		System.out.println("Parent- " + classLoader.getParent());
	
	}

	public static void main(String args[]) {
		new SetContextLoader();
	}
}

输出：

Class - class sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader
Parent- sun.misc.Launcher$ExtClassLoader@757aef