字典 NSDictionary
1.字典是关键字‘key’及定义的值‘value’所构成的集合,既它是由key-value组成的键值对的集合。通常来讲,‘key‘一般是’NSString‘类型的,’value‘是’OC’中的任意对象。对于字典来说,我们就是通过‘key’来访问
2.为什么在有了数组以后还需要字典呢?因为在由大量的数据或者频繁查找信息,使用字典效率更高,因为字典是采用键查询的优化存储方法的。
3.在我们OC中我们使用NSDictionary 和 NSMutableDictionary l来表示字典。其中NSMutableDictionary是NSDictionary的子类
初始化
1.创建一个空的字典
NSDictionary *dictionary1 = [[NSDictionary alloc]init];
NSDictionary *dictionary2 = [NSDictionary dictionary];
2.创建一个键值对的字典
NSDictionary *dictionary3 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"Rick" forKey:@"name"];
3.创建多个键值对的字典
NSDictionary *dictionary4 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"Rick",@"name",@25,@"age",@"GZ",@"address", nil];
注意:字典里面存放的元素都要是对象类型才行,如果是基本数据类型,要先把基本数据类型进行封装,然后再放到集合里面,value在前,key在后,value 和 key要成双出现
NSLog(@"dictionary4 = %@",dictionary4);//注意:在字典中键值是无序的
4.根据一个字典创建一个字典
NSDictionary *dictionary5 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:dictionary4];
NSLog(@"dictionary5 = %@",dictionary5);
5.新语法创建字典
NSDictionary *dictionary6 = @{};
6.新语法创建一个键值对
NSDictionary *dictionary7 =@{@"name":@"Rick"};
7.新语法创建多个键值对
NSDictionary *dictionary8 =@{@"name":@"Rick",@"age":@"25",@"address":@"GZ"};
NSLog(@"dictionary8 = %@",dictionary8);
8.从本地读取字典
NSDictionary *dictionary9 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:@""];
9.从网络读取字典
NSDictionary *dicctionary10 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@""]];
10.字典中键值对的数量
NSUInteger count = dictionary4.count;
NSLog(@"%lu",count);
如何访问字典
1.通过key访问字典中对应的值
NSString *name = [dictionary4 objectForKey:@"name"];
NSLog(@"name = %@",name);
2.新语法
NSString *newName = dictionary4[@"name"];
3.遍历字典中所有的值
(1).表示字典中所有的key
NSArray *keysArray = dictionary4.allKeys;
NSLog(@"%@",keysArray);
(2).字典中所有的value
NSArray *valueArray = dictionary4.allValues;
NSLog(@"%@",valueArray);
4.使用for循环来打印
for (int i = 0; i<count; i++) {
NSLog(@"%@ = %@",keysArray[i],valueArray[i]);
//NSLog(@"%@ = %@",keysArray[i],[dictionary4 objectForKey:keysArray[i]]);
//NSLog(@"%@ = %@",keysArray[i],dictionary4[keysArray[i]]);
}
5.使用快速枚举
for (NSString *key in keysArray) {
//NSLog(@"%@ = %@",key,[dictionary4 objectForKey:key]);
NSLog(@"%@ = %@",key,dictionary4[key]);
}
6.使用枚举器遍历
NSEnumerator *enumerator = [keysArray objectEnumerator];
NSString *key;
while (key=[enumerator nextObject]) {
NSLog(@"%@ = %@",key,dictionary4[key]);
}
注意:在不可变字典中不能存储相同的key,如果相同的key,则只会打印一个key对应的value
NSDictionary *dictionary = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"Rick",@"name",@25,@"age",@"GZ",@"address",@"Jack",@"name", nil];
NSLog(@"=---------------------------");
for (NSString *key in keysArray) {
NSLog(@"%@ = %@",key,dictionary[key]);
}