Sping（一）：Bean装配和注入

spring有三种bean装配方式：自动装配、java代码装配、xml装配。
1.自动装配
通过扫描包中的注解（如@Component）生成bean，通过注解@Autowired查找匹配的bean注入。
例子：
1）定义接口和实现类
定义接口CompactDisc
CompactDisc.java：

package soundsystem;

public interface CompactDisc {
    void play();
}

定义实现类，并加上注解@Component，这个注解会告知Spring为这个类创建bean，不需要再显式配置。
SgtPeppers.java

package soundsystem;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class SgtPeppers implements CompactDisc {

    private String songName = "love";
    private String artist = "MoWenWei";
    @Override
    public void play() {
        System.out.println("playing " + songName + " by "  + artist);
    }

}

2）通过配置类或者xml定义组件扫描
方式一：通过配置类
创建装配规则类CDPlayerConfig，类CDPlayerConfig定义了Spring的装配规则，@ComponentScan默认是扫描与配置类相同的包；

package soundsystem;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan
public class CDPlayerConfig {

}

方式二：通过xml
resources/CDPlayerConfig.xml，context:component-scan和@ComponentScan注解有对应的属性和元素；

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context                http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

<context:component-scan base-package="soundsystem"/>
</beans>

3）Run as Junit Test
对应上一步中通过配置类定义扫描组件，的测试代码CDPlayerTest.java：

package soundsystem;

import org.junit.Test;
import static  org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes=CDPlayerConfig.class) //对应上一步的，方式一：通过配置类
//@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:CDPlayerConfig.xml"})对应上一步的，方式二：通过xml，注意，需要配置classpath目录resouces才能找到CDPlayerConfig.xml
public class CDPlayerTest {

    @Autowired
    private CompactDisc cd;

    @Test
    public void cdShouldNotBeNull(){
        assertNotNull(cd);
        cd.play();
    }
}

Run as Junit Test测试OK。
4）在java application中
如果步骤3）采用的是方式一，使用new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(“soundsystem”);或者new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(CDPlayerConfig.class)来构造ApplicationContext；
如果步骤3）采用的是方式二，使用new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(“CDPlayerConfig.xml”)。

2.java代码装配
1）添加代码CDPlayer.java

package soundsystem;

public class CDPlayer {
    private CompactDisc cd;
    CDPlayer(CompactDisc icd){
        cd = icd;
    }

    void play(){
        cd.play();
    }
}

2)修改代码CDPlayerConfig.java

package soundsystem;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;

@Configuration
public class CDPlayerConfig {

    @Bean
    public CompactDisc sgtPeppers(){
        return new SgtPeppers();
    }

    @Bean
    public CDPlayer cdPlayer(){
        return new CDPlayer(sgtPeppers());
    }
}

删去了注解@ComponentScan，@Bean注解告诉spring此方法会产生一个Bean，其中new CDPlayer(sgtPeppers())表示以方法sgtPeppers产生的Bean为参数，sgtPeppers方法只会被调用一次；
把cdPlayer方法修改成如下代码，效果一样，会自动寻找一个CompactDisc类型的Bean，传给方法cdPlayer；

    @Bean
    public CDPlayer cdPlayer(CompactDisc  cd){
        return new CDPlayer(cd);
    }

3）Run as Junit Test

package soundsystem;

import org.junit.Test;
import static  org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes=CDPlayerConfig.class)
//@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:CDPlayerConfig.xml"})
public class CDPlayerTest {

    @Autowired
    private CDPlayer cd;

    @Test
    public void cdShouldNotBeNull(){
        assertNotNull(cd);
        cd.play();
    }
}

测试OK。

3.使用xml装配
1)在xml中定义Bean,CDPlayerConfig.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context                http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

<bean id="compactDisc" class="soundsystem.SgtPeppers"/>

<bean id="cdPlayer" class="soundsystem.CDPlayer">
    <constructor-arg ref="compactDisc"/>
</bean>
</beans>

配置bean compactDisc和cdPlayer，其中cdPlayer注入了compactDisc；
2）Run as Junit Test
CDPlayerTest.java:

package soundsystem;

import org.junit.Test;
import static  org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;


@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
//@ContextConfiguration(classes=CDPlayerConfig.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:CDPlayerConfig.xml"})
public class CDPlayerTest {

    @Autowired
    private CDPlayer cd;

    @Test
    public void cdShouldNotBeNull(){
        assertNotNull(cd);
        cd.play();
    }
}

测试OK。
xml配置，除了构造时注入，还可以设置属性时注入。