AtCoder Beginner Contest 340(A-G)

本文解析了AtCoder编程平台上的五道题目,涉及循环输出、动态规划、模拟操作、记忆化搜索、树状数组等技术,展示了在解决这些数学和算法问题时的具体思路和代码实现。
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A - Arithmetic Progression (atcoder.jp)

        1.思路:循环输出即可

        2.代码:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i,z,n) for(int i = z;i <= n; i++)
#define per(i,n,z) for(int i = n;i >= z; i--)
#define PII pair<int,int>
#define fi first
#define se second
#define vi vector<int>
#define vl vector<ll>
#define pb push_back
#define sz(x) (int)x.size()
#define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
const int N = 2e5 + 10;
void solve()
{
    int a,b,c;
    cin >> a >> b >> c;
    while (a <= b) {
        cout << a << ' ';
        a += c;
    }
}
int main()
{
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(0),cout.tie(0);
    int T = 1;
    while(T --) solve();
    return 0;
}

B - Append (atcoder.jp)

        1.思路:vector模拟即可。

        2.代码:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i,z,n) for(int i = z;i <= n; i++)
#define per(i,n,z) for(int i = n;i >= z; i--)
#define PII pair<int,int>
#define fi first
#define se second
#define vi vector<int>
#define vl vector<ll>
#define pb push_back
#define sz(x) (int)x.size()
#define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
const int N = 2e5 + 10;
void solve()
{
    vector<int> v;
    int q;
    cin >> q;
    while (q --) {
        int op,x;
        cin >> op >> x;
        if (op == 1) {
            v.pb(x);
        }
        else {
            cout << v[v.size() - x] << '\n';
        }
    }
}
int main()
{
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(0),cout.tie(0);
    int T = 1;
    while(T --) solve();
    return 0;
}

C - Divide and Divide (atcoder.jp)

        1.思路:记忆化搜索,模拟即可。

        2.代码:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i,z,n) for(int i = z;i <= n; i++)
#define per(i,n,z) for(int i = n;i >= z; i--)
#define PII pair<int,int>
#define fi first
#define se second
#define vi vector<int>
#define vl vector<ll>
#define pb push_back
#define sz(x) (int)x.size()
#define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
const int N = 2e5 + 10;
map<ll,ll> mem;
ll dfs(ll x)
{
    if (x == 1) {
        return 1ll;
    }
    if (mem.count(x)) {
        return mem[x];
    }
    return mem[x] = (dfs(x / 2) + dfs((x + 1) / 2)) + x;
}
void solve()
{
    ll n;
    cin >> n;
    cout << dfs(n / 2) + dfs((n + 1) / 2) << '\n';
}
int main()
{
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(0),cout.tie(0);
    int T = 1;
    while(T --) solve();
    return 0;
}

D - Super Takahashi Bros. (atcoder.jp)

        1.思路:发现每行给出的实际上可以等价于两条边

                        一条是i-->i + 1 花费a

                        一条是i-->c 花费b

        2.代码:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i,z,n) for(int i = z;i <= n; i++)
#define per(i,n,z) for(int i = n;i >= z; i--)
#define PII pair<int,int>
#define fi first
#define se second
#define vi vector<int>
#define vl vector<ll>
#define pb push_back
#define sz(x) (int)x.size()
#define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
const int N = 2e5 + 10;
//从0开始
template<typename T>
class Graph {
    using pli = pair<T,int>;
private:
    const int n;
    vector<vector<pair<int,int>>> g;
public:
    Graph(int _n): n(_n) {
        g.resize(n);
    }

    void addEdge(int x,int y,int z = 0) {
        g[x].push_back({y,z});
    }

    vector<T> shortestPath(int s) {
        vector<T> dis(n);
        memset(dis.data(),0x3f,dis.size() * sizeof(T));
        priority_queue<pli,vector<pli>,greater<pli>> q;
        q.push({0,s});
        dis[s] = 0;
        while(!q.empty()) {
            auto [val,ver] = q.top();
            q.pop();
            if(val != dis[ver]) {
                continue;
            }
            for(auto &[y,w]: g[ver]) {
                if(dis[y] > val + w) {
                    dis[y] = val + w;
                    q.push({dis[y],y});
                }
            }
        }
        return dis;
    }
};
void solve()
{
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    Graph<ll> g(n);
    for (int i = 1;i < n;i ++) {
        int a,b,c;
        cin >> a >> b >> c;
        g.addEdge(i - 1,i,a);
        g.addEdge(i - 1,c - 1,b);        
    }
    auto p = g.shortestPath(0);
    cout << p[n - 1];
}
int main()
{
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(0),cout.tie(0);
    int T = 1;
    while(T --) solve();
    return 0;
}

E - Mancala 2 (atcoder.jp)

        1.思路:按照模拟的过程可以分为三段去操作,从当前位置到末尾+轮多少圈+剩下的次数。

                        发现这是一个需要维护区间加和单点查询的数据结构题目,因此我们考虑直接用树状数组维护原数组差分即可。或者直接用线段树维护原数组也行。

        2.代码:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i,z,n) for(int i = z;i <= n; i++)
#define per(i,n,z) for(int i = n;i >= z; i--)
#define PII pair<int,int>
#define fi first
#define se second
#define vi vector<int>
#define vl vector<ll>
#define pb push_back
#define sz(x) (int)x.size()
#define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
const int N = 2e5 + 10;
template <typename T>
struct Fenwick {
    const int n;
    std::vector<T> a;

    Fenwick (int n) : n(n), a(n + 1) {}

    void add(int pos, T x) {
        for (int i = pos; i <= n; i += i & -i) {
            a[i] += x;
        }
    }

    T query(int x) {
        T res = 0;
        for (int i = x; i; i -= i & -i) {
            res += a[i];
        }
        return res;
    }

    T query(int l, int r) {
        if (l == 0 || l > r) {
            return 0;
        }
        return query(r) - query(l - 1);
    }

    //找到大于k得第一个地方
    T kth(int k) {
        int pos = 0;
        for(int j = 31 - __builtin_clz(n);j >= 0;j --) {
            if(pos + (1 << j) <= n && k > a[pos + (1 << j)]) {
                pos += 1 << j;
                k -= a[pos];
            }
        }
        return pos + 1;
    }
};
void solve()
{
    int n,q;
    cin >> n >> q;
    Fenwick<ll> fen(n);
    int pre = 0,x;
    for (int i = 1;i <= n;i ++) {
        cin >> x;
        fen.add(i,x - pre);
        pre = x;
    }
    for (int i = 1;i <= q;i ++) {
        cin >> x;
        x ++;
        ll rs = fen.query(x);
        ll mi = min(rs,0ll + n - x);
        fen.add(x,-rs);
        fen.add(x + 1,rs);
        if (mi) {
            rs -= mi;
            fen.add(x + 1,1);
            fen.add(x + 1 + mi,-1);
        }
        if (rs) {
            ll cz = rs / n,cm = rs % n;
            fen.add(1,cz);
            fen.add(1,1);
            fen.add(1 + cm,-1);
        }
    }
    for (int i = 1;i <= n;i ++) {
        cout << fen.query(i) << ' ';
    }
}
int main()
{
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(0),cout.tie(0);
    int T = 1;
    while(T --) solve();
    return 0;
}

F - S = 1 (atcoder.jp)

        1.思路:考虑使用鞋带公式化简,我们可以得到,这么个方程|ay - bx| = 2,考虑把绝对值拆开,做两次exgcd求解即可。

        2.代码:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i,z,n) for(int i = z;i <= n; i++)
#define per(i,n,z) for(int i = n;i >= z; i--)
#define PII pair<int,int>
#define fi first
#define se second
#define vi vector<int>
#define vl vector<ll>
#define pb push_back
#define sz(x) (int)x.size()
#define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
const int N = 2e5 + 10;
ll exgcd(ll a, ll b, ll &x, ll &y)
{
    if (!b)
    {
        x = 1, y = 0;
        return a;
    }
    ll d = exgcd(b, a % b, y, x);
    y -= a / b * x;
    return d;
}
void solve()
{
    ll a,b;
    cin >> a >> b;
    ll x,y;
    ll d1 = exgcd(a,-b,y,x);
    if (2 % d1) {
        ll d2 = exgcd(b,-a,x,y);
        x *= 2 / d2,y *= 2 / d2;
        if (2 % d2) {
            cout << -1 << endl;
        }
        else {
            cout << x << ' ' << y << '\n';
        }
    }
    else {
        x *= 2 / d1,y *= 2 / d1;
        cout << x << ' ' << y << '\n';
    }
}
int main()
{
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(0),cout.tie(0);
    int T = 1;
    while(T --) solve();
    return 0;
}

G - Leaf Color (atcoder.jp)

        1.思路:考虑每个遍历每个颜色单独求一遍答案,因此可以建一棵虚树进行dp即可。

                f[i] 表示以i为根节点,(不管符不符合的答案为多少),g[i]表示\sum_{j \epsilon son[i]}f[j]

                当i为枚举的颜色时,答案加上f[i]的方案数即可。

                当i不是枚举的颜色时,首先f[i]应该-1(因为i不能作为根节点),其次答案应该加上f[i] - g[i](所有选择一个子树的方案和)。

        2.代码:

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define rep(i,z,n) for(int i = z;i <= n; i++)
#define per(i,n,z) for(int i = n;i >= z; i--)
#define PII pair<int,int>
#define fi first
#define se second
#define vi vector<int>
#define vl vector<ll>
#define pb push_back
#define sz(x) (int)x.size()
#define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
const int N = 2e5 + 10;
using i64 = long long;

constexpr int P = 998244353;
// assume -P <= x < 2P
int Vnorm(int x) {
    if (x < 0) {
        x += P;
    }
    if (x >= P) {
        x -= P;
    }
    return x;
}
template<class T>
T power(T a, i64 b) {
    T res = 1;
    for (; b; b /= 2, a *= a) {
        if (b % 2) {
            res *= a;
        }
    }
    return res;
}
struct Mint {
    int x;
    Mint(int x = 0) : x(Vnorm(x)) {}
    Mint(i64 x) : x(Vnorm(x % P)) {}
    int val() const {
        return x;
    }
    Mint operator-() const {
        return Mint(Vnorm(P - x));
    }
    Mint inv() const {
        assert(x != 0);
        return power(*this, P - 2);
    }
    Mint &operator*=(const Mint &rhs) {
        x = i64(x) * rhs.x % P;
        return *this;
    }
    Mint &operator+=(const Mint &rhs) {
        x = Vnorm(x + rhs.x);
        return *this;
    }
    Mint &operator-=(const Mint &rhs) {
        x = Vnorm(x - rhs.x);
        return *this;
    }
    Mint &operator/=(const Mint &rhs) {
        return *this *= rhs.inv();
    }
    friend Mint operator*(const Mint &lhs, const Mint &rhs) {
        Mint res = lhs;
        res *= rhs;
        return res;
    }
    friend Mint operator+(const Mint &lhs, const Mint &rhs) {
        Mint res = lhs;
        res += rhs;
        return res;
    }
    friend Mint operator-(const Mint &lhs, const Mint &rhs) {
        Mint res = lhs;
        res -= rhs;
        return res;
    }
    friend Mint operator/(const Mint &lhs, const Mint &rhs) {
        Mint res = lhs;
        res /= rhs;
        return res;
    }
    friend std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, Mint &a) {
        i64 v;
        is >> v;
        a = Mint(v);
        return is;
    }
    friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Mint &a) {
        return os << a.val();
    }
};
vector<int> son[N],g[N];
int c[N],dep[N],dfn[N],fa[N][20],stk[N],top,tim;
inline void dfs(int u,int f)
{
    dfn[u] = ++ tim;
    dep[u] = dep[f] + 1;
    fa[u][0] = f;
    for(int i = 1;i <= 18;i ++) fa[u][i] = fa[fa[u][i - 1]][i - 1];
    for(auto v : g[u]) {
        if(v == f) continue;
        dfs(v,u);
    }
}
inline int LCA(int x,int y)
{
    if(dep[x] > dep[y]) swap(x,y);
    int d = dep[y] - dep[x];
    for(int i = 18;i >= 0;i --) {
        if(d >> i & 1) y = fa[y][i];
    }
    if(x == y) return x;
    for(int i = 18;i >= 0;i --) {
        if(fa[x][i] != fa[y][i]) {
            x = fa[x][i];
            y = fa[y][i];
        }
    }
    return fa[x][0];
}
Mint ans = 0;
int tarc = 0;
void add(int &a,int &b)
{
    son[a].push_back(b);
}
Mint DP(int x)
{
    Mint f = 1,g = 0;
    for (auto &y: son[x]) {
        auto nf = DP(y);
        f *= (nf + 1);
        g += nf;
    }
    if (c[x] == tarc) {
        ans += f;
    }
    else {
        f -= 1;
        ans += f - g;
    }
    son[x].clear();
    return f;
}
void buildTree(vector<int> &ver)
{
    if (ver.size() == 1) {
        ans += 1;
        return;
    }
    sort(ver.begin(),ver.end(),[&](int &x,int &y){
        return dfn[x] < dfn[y];
    });
    stk[top = 1] = 1;
    if (ver[0] != 1) {
        stk[++ top] = ver[0];
    }
    for (int i = 1;i < ver.size();i ++) {
        int lca = LCA(ver[i],stk[top]);
        while (top > 1 && dfn[stk[top - 1]] >= dfn[lca]) {
            add(stk[top - 1],stk[top]);
            top --;
        }
        if (lca != stk[top]) {
            add(lca,stk[top]);
            stk[top] = lca;
        }
        stk[++ top] = ver[i];
    }
    while (top) {
        add(stk[top - 1],stk[top]);
        top --;
    }
    DP(1);
}
vector<int> cor[N];
void solve()
{
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    for (int i = 1;i <= n;i ++) {
        cin >> c[i];
        cor[c[i]].push_back(i);
    }
    for (int i = 1;i < n;i ++) {
        int a,b;
        cin >> a >> b;
        g[a].push_back(b);
        g[b].push_back(a);
    }
    dfs(1,0);
    for (int i = 1;i <= n;i ++) {
        if (cor[i].size()) {
            tarc = i;
            buildTree(cor[i]);
        }
    }
    cout << ans;
}
int main()
{
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(0),cout.tie(0);
    int T = 1;
    while(T --) solve();
    return 0;
}

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