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<h1><a name="t0"></a><a id="_0"></a>基本排序算法</h1>
<p>排序是计算机的核心内容,快速排序算法一直推动计算机的发展,同时也可以为我们工作生活提供一些有益的优化,帮助我们了解管理与社会的本质。</p>
<h2><a name="t1"></a><a id="0_4"></a>0、算法概述</h2>
<h3><a name="t2"></a><a id="01__6"></a>0.1 算法分类</h3>
<p>十种常见排序算法可以分为两大类:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>非线性时间比较类排序:通过比较来决定元素间的相对次序,由于其时间复杂度不能突破O(nlogn),因此称为非线性时间比较类排序。</p>
<p>线性时间非比较类排序:不通过比较来决定元素间的相对次序,它可以突破基于比较排序的时间下界,以线性时间运行,因此称为线性时间非比较类排序。</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRlZS5jb20vbG92ZXp6bi9pbWFnZS1yZXBvc2l0b3J5L3Jhdy9tYXN0ZXIvaW1nLzc4YTc3OGY4ZGIyMDQxY2U5MjRhZTQ5MTE5NWU1YTM5LmpwZWc?x-oss-process=image/format,png" alt=""></p>
<h3><a name="t3"></a><a id="02__16"></a>0.2 算法复杂度</h3>
<p><strong>术语说明</strong></p>
<ul><li>稳定:如果a原本在b前面,而a=b,排序之后a仍然在b的前面;</li><li>不稳定:如果a原本在b的前面,而a=b,排序之后a可能会出现在b的后面;</li><li>内排序:所有排序操作都在内存中完成;</li><li>外排序:由于数据太大,因此把数据放在磁盘中,而排序通过磁盘和内存的数据传输才能进行;</li><li>时间复杂度: 一个算法执行所耗费的时间。</li><li>空间复杂度:运行完一个程序所需内存的大小。</li></ul>
<p><img src="https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRlZS5jb20vbG92ZXp6bi9pbWFnZS1yZXBvc2l0b3J5L3Jhdy9tYXN0ZXIvaW1nLzE0MDE1MXRidDFrY3NqYmRzNmJzYmQuanBn?x-oss-process=image/format,png" alt=""></p>
<p><strong>图片名词解释</strong></p>
<ul><li>n: 数据规模</li><li>k: “桶”的个数</li><li>In-place: 占用常数内存,不占用额外内存</li><li>Out-place: 占用额外内存</li></ul>
<h3><a name="t4"></a><a id="03__36"></a>0.3 算法的数据结构</h3>
<img src="https://gitee.com/lovezzn/image-repository/raw/master/img/20200526230537.png">
<h3><a name="t5"></a><a id="04__40"></a>0.4 算法分类</h3>
<p><img src="https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRlZS5jb20vbG92ZXp6bi9pbWFnZS1yZXBvc2l0b3J5L3Jhdy9tYXN0ZXIvaW1nLzIwMjAwNTI2MjMwNTU4LmpwZw?x-oss-process=image/format,png" alt=""></p>
<h3><a name="t6"></a><a id="04__44"></a>0.4 比较和非比较的区别</h3>
<p>常见的快速排序、归并排序、堆排序、冒泡排序等属于比较排序。在排序的最终结果里,元素之间的次序依赖于它们之间的比较。每个数都必须和其他数进行比较,才能确定自己的位置。</p>
<p>在冒泡排序之类的排序中,问题规模为n,又因为需要比较n次,所以平均时间复杂度为O(n²)。在归并排序、快速排序之类的排序中,问题规模通过分治法消减为logN次,所以时间复杂度平均O(nlogn)。<br> 比较排序的优势是,适用于各种规模的数据,也不在乎数据的分布,都能进行排序。可以说,比较排序适用于一切需要排序的情况。</p>
<p>计数排序、基数排序、桶排序则属于非比较排序。非比较排序是通过确定每个元素之前,应该有多少个元素来排序。针对数组arr,计算arr之前有多少个元素,则唯一确定了arr在排序后数组中的位置。<br> 非比较排序只要确定每个元素之前的已有的元素个数即可,所有一次遍历即可解决。算法时间复杂度O(n)。<br> 非比较排序时间复杂度底,但由于非比较排序需要占用空间来确定唯一位置。所以对数据规模和数据分布有一定的要求。</p>
<h2><a name="t7"></a><a id="1Bubble_Sort_55"></a><strong>1、冒泡排序(Bubble Sort)</strong></h2>
<p>冒泡排序是一种简单的排序算法。它重复地走访过要排序的数列,一次比较两个元素,如果它们的顺序错误就把它们交换过来。走访数列的工作是重复地进行直到没有再需要交换,也就是说该数列已经排序完成。这个算法的名字由来是因为越小的元素会经由交换慢慢“浮”到数列的顶端。</p>
<h3><a name="t8"></a><a id="11__59"></a><strong>1.1 算法描述</strong></h3>
<ul><li>比较相邻的元素。如果第一个比第二个大,就交换它们两个;</li><li>对每一对相邻元素作同样的工作,从开始第一对到结尾的最后一对,这样在最后的元素应该会是最大的数;</li><li>针对所有的元素重复以上的步骤,除了最后一个;</li><li>重复步骤1~3,直到排序完成。</li></ul>
<h3><a name="t9"></a><a id="12__66"></a>1.2 动图演示</h3>
<p><img src="https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRlZS5jb20vbG92ZXp6bi9pbWFnZS1yZXBvc2l0b3J5L3Jhdy9tYXN0ZXIvaW1nLzIwMjAwNTI2MjMwNjM4LmdpZg" alt=""></p>
<h3><a name="t10"></a><a id="13__70"></a>1.3 算法代码</h3>
<pre class="prettyprint"><code class="prism language-java has-numbering" οnclick="mdcp.copyCode(event)" style="position: unset;"><span class="token keyword">package</span> com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>zzn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">.</span>impl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>zzn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">.</span>IArraySort<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> org<span class="token punctuation">.</span>junit<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Test<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> java<span class="token punctuation">.</span>util<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ArrayList<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> java<span class="token punctuation">.</span>util<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Arrays<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/**
* 冒泡排序
*
* @author zzn
* @since 2019/10/18 19:53
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">BubbleSort</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">IArraySort</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token comment">// 对原数组进行拷贝,不改变参数内容</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr <span class="token operator">=</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">copyOf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token comment">// 设定一个标记,若为 true,则表示此次循环没有进行交换,也就是待排序列已经有序了,那么排序就已经完成。</span>
<span class="token keyword">boolean</span> flag <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> j <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> j <span class="token operator"><</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length <span class="token operator">-</span> i<span class="token punctuation">;</span> j<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">></span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> tmp <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> tmp<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
flag <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>flag<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Test</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">testList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token comment">// ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(11, 334, 64, 32, 667, 346, 478, 3, 1, 789, 453, 4));</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> ints <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">334</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">667</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">346</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">478</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">789</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">453</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> sort <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ints<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"sort = "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="复制(为作者贡献原力分)" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4259"}"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">12</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">13</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">14</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">15</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">16</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">17</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">18</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">19</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">20</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">21</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">22</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">23</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">24</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">25</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">26</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">27</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">28</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">29</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">30</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">31</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">32</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">33</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">34</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">35</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">36</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">37</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">38</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">39</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">40</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">41</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">42</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">43</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">44</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">45</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">46</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">47</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">48</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">49</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">50</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">51</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">52</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">53</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">54</li></ul></pre>
<h3><a name="t11"></a><a id="14__129"></a>1.4 算法分析</h3>
<ul><li>平均时间复杂度:O(n<sup>2</sup>)</li><li>最好情况:O(n)</li><li>最坏情况:O(n<sup>2</sup>)</li><li>空间复杂度:O(1)</li><li>稳定性:稳定</li></ul>
<h2><a name="t12"></a><a id="2Selection_Sort_137"></a>2、选择排序(Selection Sort)</h2>
<p>选择排序是一种简单直观的排序算法,无论什么数据进去都是 O(n²) 的时间复杂度。所以用到它的时候,数据规模越小越好。唯一的好处可能就是不占用额外的内存空间了吧。</p>
<h3><a name="t13"></a><a id="21__141"></a>2.1 算法步骤</h3>
<ul><li> <p>首先在未排序序列中找到最小(大)元素,存放到排序序列的起始位置。</p> </li><li> <p>再从剩余未排序元素中继续寻找最小(大)元素,然后放到已排序序列的末尾。</p> </li><li> <p>重复第二步,直到所有元素均排序完毕。</p> </li></ul>
<h3><a name="t14"></a><a id="22__149"></a>2.2 动图演示</h3>
<p><img src="https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRlZS5jb20vbG92ZXp6bi9pbWFnZS1yZXBvc2l0b3J5L3Jhdy9tYXN0ZXIvaW1nLzIwMjAwNTI2MjMwNjUxLmdpZg" alt=""></p>
<h3><a name="t15"></a><a id="23__153"></a>2.3 算法代码</h3>
<pre class="prettyprint"><code class="prism language-java has-numbering" οnclick="mdcp.copyCode(event)" style="position: unset;"><span class="token keyword">package</span> com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>zzn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">.</span>impl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>zzn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">.</span>IArraySort<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> org<span class="token punctuation">.</span>junit<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Test<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> java<span class="token punctuation">.</span>util<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Arrays<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/**
* 选择排序
*
* @author zzn
* @since 2019/10/18 21:03
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">SelectionSort</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">IArraySort</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token comment">// 对原数组进行拷贝,不改变参数内容</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr <span class="token operator">=</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">copyOf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 总共要经过 N-1 轮比较</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token comment">// 记录最小值的元素下标,默认是 第一个</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> min <span class="token operator">=</span> i<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 每轮需要比较的次数 N-i</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> j <span class="token operator">=</span> i <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> j <span class="token operator"><</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">;</span> j<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator"><</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>min<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token comment">// 记录目前内找到的最小值的元素下标</span>
min <span class="token operator">=</span> j<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// 将找到的最小值和 i 位置所在的值进行交换</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">!=</span> min<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> tmp <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>min<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>min<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> tmp<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Test</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">testList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> ints <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">334</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">667</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">346</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">478</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">789</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">453</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> sort <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ints<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"sort = "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="复制(为作者贡献原力分)" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4259"}"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">12</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">13</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">14</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">15</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">16</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">17</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">18</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">19</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">20</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">21</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">22</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">23</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">24</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">25</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">26</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">27</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">28</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">29</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">30</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">31</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">32</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">33</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">34</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">35</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">36</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">37</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">38</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">39</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">40</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">41</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">42</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">43</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">44</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">45</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">46</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">47</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">48</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">49</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">50</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">51</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">52</li></ul></pre>
<h3><a name="t16"></a><a id="24__210"></a>2.4 算法分析</h3>
<ul><li>平均时间复杂度:O(n<sup>2</sup>)</li><li>最好情况:O(n<sup>2</sup>)</li><li>最坏情况:O(n<sup>2</sup>)</li><li>空间复杂度:O(1)</li><li>稳定性:不稳定</li></ul>
<h2><a name="t17"></a><a id="3_218"></a>3、插入排序</h2>
<p>插入排序的代码实现虽然没有冒泡排序和选择排序那么简单粗暴,但它的原理应该是最容易理解的了,因为只要打过扑克牌的人都应该能够秒懂。插入排序是一种最简单直观的排序算法,它的工作原理是通过构建有序序列,对于未排序数据,在已排序序列中从后向前扫描,找到相应位置并插入。</p>
<p>插入排序和冒泡排序一样,也有一种优化算法,叫做拆半插入。</p>
<h3><a name="t18"></a><a id="31__224"></a>3.1 算法步骤</h3>
<ul><li>将排序序列的第一个元素看做一个有序序列,把第二个元素到最后一个元素当成是未排序序列。</li><li>从头到尾依次扫描未排序序列,将扫描到的每个元素插入有序序列的适当位置。(如果待插入的元素与有序序列中的某个元素相等,则将待插入元素插入到相等元素的后面。)</li></ul>
<h3><a name="t19"></a><a id="32__229"></a>3.2 动图演示</h3>
<p><img src="https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRlZS5jb20vbG92ZXp6bi9pbWFnZS1yZXBvc2l0b3J5L3Jhdy9tYXN0ZXIvaW1nLzIwMjAwNTI2MjMwNjU5LmdpZg" alt=""></p>
<h3><a name="t20"></a><a id="33__233"></a>3.3 算法代码</h3>
<pre class="prettyprint"><code class="prism language-java has-numbering" οnclick="mdcp.copyCode(event)" style="position: unset;"><span class="token keyword">package</span> com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>zzn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">.</span>impl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>zzn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">.</span>IArraySort<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> org<span class="token punctuation">.</span>junit<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Test<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> java<span class="token punctuation">.</span>util<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Arrays<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/**
* 插入排序
*
* @author zzn
* @since 2019/10/18 22:50
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">InsertSort</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">IArraySort</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token comment">// 对原数组进行拷贝,不改变参数内容</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr <span class="token operator">=</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">copyOf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 从下标为 1 的元素开始选择合适的位置插入,因为下标为 0 的只有一个元素,默认是有序的</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token comment">// 记录要插入的数据</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> tmp <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 从已经排序的序列最右边开始比较,找到比其小的数</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> j <span class="token operator">=</span> i<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>j <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> tmp <span class="token operator"><</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
j<span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// 存在比其小的数,插入</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>j <span class="token operator">!=</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> tmp<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Test</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">testList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> ints <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">334</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">667</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">346</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">478</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">789</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">453</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> sort <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ints<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"sort = "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="复制(为作者贡献原力分)" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4259"}"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">12</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">13</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">14</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">15</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">16</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">17</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">18</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">19</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">20</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">21</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">22</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">23</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">24</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">25</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">26</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">27</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">28</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">29</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">30</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">31</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">32</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">33</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">34</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">35</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">36</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">37</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">38</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">39</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">40</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">41</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">42</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">43</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">44</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">45</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">46</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">47</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">48</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">49</li></ul></pre>
<h3><a name="t21"></a><a id="34__287"></a>3.4 算法分析</h3>
<ul><li>平均时间复杂度:O(n<sup>2</sup>)</li><li>最好情况:O(n)</li><li>最坏情况:O(n<sup>2</sup>)</li><li>空间复杂度:O(1)</li><li>稳定性:稳定</li></ul>
<h2><a name="t22"></a><a id="4_295"></a>4、希尔排序</h2>
<p>希尔排序,也称递减增量排序算法,是插入排序的一种更高效的改进版本。但希尔排序是非稳定排序算法。</p>
<p>希尔排序是基于插入排序的以下两点性质而提出改进方法的:</p>
<ul><li>插入排序在对几乎已经排好序的数据操作时,效率高,即可以达到线性排序的效率;</li><li>但插入排序一般来说是低效的,因为插入排序每次只能将数据移动一位;</li></ul>
<p>希尔排序的基本思想是:先将整个待排序的记录序列分割成为若干子序列分别进行直接插入排序,待整个序列中的记录"基本有序"时,再对全体记录进行依次直接插入排序。</p>
<h3><a name="t23"></a><a id="41__306"></a>4.1 算法步骤</h3>
<ul><li>选择一个增量序列 t1,t2,……,tk,其中 ti > tj, tk = 1;</li><li>按增量序列个数 k,对序列进行 k 趟排序;</li><li>每趟排序,根据对应的增量 ti,将待排序列分割成若干长度为 m 的子序列,分别对各子表进行直接插入排序。仅增量因子为 1 时,整个序列作为一个表来处理,表长度即为整个序列的长度。</li></ul>
<h3><a name="t24"></a><a id="42__312"></a>4.2 动图演示</h3>
<p><img src="https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRlZS5jb20vbG92ZXp6bi9pbWFnZS1yZXBvc2l0b3J5L3Jhdy9tYXN0ZXIvaW1nLzIwMjAwNTI2MjMwNzA4LmdpZg" alt=""></p>
<h3><a name="t25"></a><a id="43__316"></a>4.3 画图解析</h3>
<img src="https://gitee.com/lovezzn/image-repository/raw/master/img/20200526230715.jpg">
<h3><a name="t26"></a><a id="44__320"></a>4.4 算法代码</h3>
<pre class="prettyprint"><code class="prism language-java has-numbering" οnclick="mdcp.copyCode(event)" style="position: unset;"><span class="token keyword">package</span> com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>zzn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">.</span>impl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>zzn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">.</span>IArraySort<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> org<span class="token punctuation">.</span>junit<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Test<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> java<span class="token punctuation">.</span>util<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Arrays<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/**
* 希尔排序
*
* @author zzn
* @since 2019/10/19 0:16
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">ShellSort</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">IArraySort</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token comment">// 对原数组进行拷贝,不改变参数内容</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr <span class="token operator">=</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">copyOf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 设置增量</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> gap <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>gap <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> gap<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> tmp <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> j <span class="token operator">=</span> i <span class="token operator">-</span> gap<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>j <span class="token operator">>=</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">></span> tmp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j <span class="token operator">+</span> gap<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
j <span class="token operator">-=</span> gap<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j <span class="token operator">+</span> gap<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> tmp<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
gap <span class="token operator">=</span> gap <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Test</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">testList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> ints <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> sort <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ints<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"sort = "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="复制(为作者贡献原力分)" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4259"}"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">12</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">13</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">14</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">15</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">16</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">17</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">18</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">19</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">20</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">21</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">22</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">23</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">24</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">25</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">26</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">27</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">28</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">29</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">30</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">31</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">32</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">33</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">34</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">35</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">36</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">37</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">38</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">39</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">40</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">41</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">42</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">43</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">44</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">45</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">46</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">47</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">48</li></ul></pre>
<h3><a name="t27"></a><a id="45__373"></a>4.5 算法分析</h3>
<ul><li>平均时间复杂度:O(n log n)</li><li>最好情况:O(n log<sup>2</sup> n)</li><li>最坏情况:O(n log<sup>2</sup> n)</li><li>空间复杂度:O(1)</li><li>稳定性:不稳定</li></ul>
<h2><a name="t28"></a><a id="5_381"></a>5、归并排序</h2>
<p>归并排序(Merge sort)是建立在归并操作上的一种有效的排序算法。该算法是采用分治法(Divide and Conquer)的一个非常典型的应用。</p>
<p>作为一种典型的分而治之思想的算法应用,归并排序的实现由两种方法:</p>
<ul><li>自上而下的递归(所有递归的方法都可以用迭代重写,所以就有了第 2 种方法);</li><li>自下而上的迭代;</li></ul>
<p>在《数据结构与算法 JavaScript 描述》中,作者给出了自下而上的迭代方法。但是对于递归法,作者却认为:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>However, it is not possible to do so in JavaScript, as the recursion goes too deep for the language to handle.</p>
<p>然而,在 JavaScript 中这种方式不太可行,因为这个算法的递归深度对它来讲太深了。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>和选择排序一样,归并排序的性能不受输入数据的影响,但表现比选择排序好的多,因为始终都是 O(nlogn) 的时间复杂度。代价是需要额外的内存空间。</p>
<h3><a name="t29"></a><a id="51__398"></a>5.1 算法步骤</h3>
<ol><li>申请空间,使其大小为两个已经排序序列之和,该空间用来存放合并后的序列;</li><li>设定两个指针,最初位置分别为两个已经排序序列的起始位置;</li><li>比较两个指针所指向的元素,选择相对小的元素放入到合并空间,并移动指针到下一位置;</li><li>重复步骤 3 直到某一指针达到序列尾;</li><li>将另一序列剩下的所有元素直接复制到合并序列尾。</li></ol>
<h3><a name="t30"></a><a id="52__406"></a>5.2 动图演示</h3>
<p><img src="https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRlZS5jb20vbG92ZXp6bi9pbWFnZS1yZXBvc2l0b3J5L3Jhdy9tYXN0ZXIvaW1nLzIwMjAwNTI2MjMwNzI1LmdpZg" alt=""></p>
<h3><a name="t31"></a><a id="53__410"></a>5.3 算法代码</h3>
<pre class="prettyprint"><code class="prism language-java has-numbering" οnclick="mdcp.copyCode(event)" style="position: unset;"><span class="token keyword">package</span> com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>zzn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">.</span>impl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>zzn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">.</span>IArraySort<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> org<span class="token punctuation">.</span>junit<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Test<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> java<span class="token punctuation">.</span>util<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Arrays<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/**
* 归并排序
*
* @author zzn
* @since 2019/10/19 6:11
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">MergeSort</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">IArraySort</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token comment">// 对原数组进行拷贝,不改变参数内容</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr <span class="token operator">=</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">copyOf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// 把长度为n的输入序列分成两个长度为n/2的子序列</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> middle <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> left <span class="token operator">=</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">copyOfRange</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> middle<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> right <span class="token operator">=</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">copyOfRange</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> middle<span class="token punctuation">,</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">merge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>left<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>right<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">merge</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> left<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> right<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>left<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length <span class="token operator">+</span> right<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>left<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> right<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>left<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator"><=</span> right<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
result<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> left<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
left <span class="token operator">=</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">copyOfRange</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>left<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> left<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
result<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> right<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
right <span class="token operator">=</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">copyOfRange</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>right<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> right<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>left<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
result<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> left<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
left <span class="token operator">=</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">copyOfRange</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>left<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> left<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>right<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
result<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> right<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
right <span class="token operator">=</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">copyOfRange</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>right<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> right<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> result<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Test</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">testList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> ints <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">334</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">667</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">346</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">478</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">789</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">453</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> sort <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ints<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"sort = "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="复制(为作者贡献原力分)" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4259"}"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">12</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">13</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">14</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">15</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">16</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">17</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">18</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">19</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">20</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">21</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">22</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">23</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">24</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">25</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">26</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">27</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">28</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">29</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">30</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">31</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">32</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">33</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">34</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">35</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">36</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">37</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">38</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">39</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">40</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">41</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">42</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">43</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">44</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">45</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">46</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">47</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">48</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">49</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">50</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">51</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">52</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">53</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">54</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">55</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">56</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">57</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">58</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">59</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">60</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">61</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">62</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">63</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">64</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">65</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">66</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">67</li></ul></pre>
<h3><a name="t32"></a><a id="54__484"></a>5.4 算法分析</h3>
<ul><li>平均时间复杂度:O(n log n)</li><li>最好情况:O(n log n)</li><li>最坏情况:O(n log n)</li><li>空间复杂度:O(n)</li><li>稳定性:稳定</li></ul>
<h2><a name="t33"></a><a id="6__492"></a>6、 快速排序</h2>
<p>快速排序是由东尼·霍尔所发展的一种排序算法。在平均状况下,排序 n 个项目要 Ο(nlogn) 次比较。在最坏状况下则需要 Ο(n2) 次比较,但这种状况并不常见。事实上,快速排序通常明显比其他 Ο(nlogn) 算法更快,因为它的内部循环(inner loop)可以在大部分的架构上很有效率地被实现出来。</p>
<p>快速排序使用分治法(Divide and conquer)策略来把一个串行(list)分为两个子串行(sub-lists)。</p>
<p>快速排序又是一种分而治之思想在排序算法上的典型应用。本质上来看,快速排序应该算是在冒泡排序基础上的递归分治法。</p>
<p>快速排序的名字起的是简单粗暴,因为一听到这个名字你就知道它存在的意义,就是快,而且效率高!它是处理大数据最快的排序算法之一了。虽然 Worst Case 的时间复杂度达到了 O(n²),但是人家就是优秀,在大多数情况下都比平均时间复杂度为 O(n logn) 的排序算法表现要更好,可是这是为什么呢,我也不知道。好在我的强迫症又犯了,查了 N 多资料终于在《算法艺术与信息学竞赛》上找到了满意的答案:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>快速排序的最坏运行情况是 O(n²),比如说顺序数列的快排。但它的平摊期望时间是 O(nlogn),且 O(nlogn) 记号中隐含的常数因子很小,比复杂度稳定等于 O(nlogn) 的归并排序要小很多。所以,对绝大多数顺序性较弱的随机数列而言,快速排序总是优于归并排序。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3><a name="t34"></a><a id="61__504"></a>6.1 算法步骤</h3>
<ol><li>从数列中挑出一个元素,称为 “基准”(pivot);</li><li>重新排序数列,所有元素比基准值小的摆放在基准前面,所有元素比基准值大的摆在基准的后面(相同的数可以到任一边)。在这个分区退出之后,该基准就处于数列的中间位置。这个称为分区(partition)操作;</li><li>递归地(recursive)把小于基准值元素的子数列和大于基准值元素的子数列排序;</li></ol>
<h3><a name="t35"></a><a id="62__510"></a>6.2 动图演示</h3>
<p><img src="https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRlZS5jb20vbG92ZXp6bi9pbWFnZS1yZXBvc2l0b3J5L3Jhdy9tYXN0ZXIvaW1nLzIwMjAwNTI2MjMwNzMyLmdpZg" alt=""></p>
<h3><a name="t36"></a><a id="63__514"></a>6.3 算法代码</h3>
<ul><li>版本一</li></ul>
<pre class="prettyprint"><code class="prism language-java has-numbering" οnclick="mdcp.copyCode(event)" style="position: unset;"><span class="token keyword">package</span> com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>zzn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">.</span>impl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>zzn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">.</span>IArraySort<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> org<span class="token punctuation">.</span>junit<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Test<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> java<span class="token punctuation">.</span>util<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Arrays<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/**
* 快速排序
*
* @author zzn
* @since 2019/10/19 10:31
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">QuickSort</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">IArraySort</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token comment">// 对 arr 进行拷贝,不改变参数内容</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr <span class="token operator">=</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">copyOf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">quickSort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">quickSort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> left<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> right<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>left <span class="token operator"><</span> right<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> partitionIndex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">partition</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> left<span class="token punctuation">,</span> right<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">quickSort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> left<span class="token punctuation">,</span> partitionIndex <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">quickSort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> partitionIndex <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> right<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">partition</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> left<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> right<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token comment">// 设定基准值(pivot)</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> pivot <span class="token operator">=</span> left<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> index <span class="token operator">=</span> pivot <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> index<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><=</span> right<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator"><</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>pivot<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token function">swap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token punctuation">,</span> index<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
index<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token function">swap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> pivot<span class="token punctuation">,</span> index <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> index <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">swap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> i<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> j<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> temp <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> temp<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Test</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">testList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> ints <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">334</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">667</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">346</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">478</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">789</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">453</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> sort <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ints<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"sort = "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="复制(为作者贡献原力分)" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4259"}"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">12</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">13</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">14</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">15</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">16</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">17</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">18</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">19</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">20</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">21</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">22</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">23</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">24</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">25</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">26</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">27</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">28</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">29</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">30</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">31</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">32</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">33</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">34</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">35</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">36</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">37</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">38</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">39</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">40</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">41</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">42</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">43</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">44</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">45</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">46</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">47</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">48</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">49</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">50</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">51</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">52</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">53</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">54</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">55</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">56</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">57</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">58</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">59</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">60</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">61</li></ul></pre>
<ul><li>版本二</li></ul>
<pre class="prettyprint"><code class="prism language-java has-numbering" οnclick="mdcp.copyCode(event)" style="position: unset;"><span class="token keyword">package</span> com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>zzn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">.</span>impl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>zzn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">.</span>IArraySort<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> org<span class="token punctuation">.</span>junit<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Test<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> java<span class="token punctuation">.</span>util<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Arrays<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/**
* 快速排序 2
* 从左边找比基数大的值,从右边找比基数小的值,然后进行交换
*
* @author zzn
* @since 2019/10/19 12:25
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">QuickSort02</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">IArraySort</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token comment">// 对 arr 进行拷贝,不改变参数内容</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr <span class="token operator">=</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">copyOf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">quickSort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">quickSort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> low<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> high<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> left<span class="token punctuation">,</span> right<span class="token punctuation">,</span> temp<span class="token punctuation">,</span> t<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>low <span class="token operator">></span> high<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
left <span class="token operator">=</span> low<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
right <span class="token operator">=</span> high<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">//temp就是基准位</span>
temp <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>low<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>left <span class="token operator"><</span> right<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token comment">//先看右边,依次往左递减</span>
<span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>temp <span class="token operator"><=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>right<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> left <span class="token operator"><</span> right<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
right<span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">//再看左边,依次往右递增</span>
<span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>temp <span class="token operator">>=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>left<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">&&</span> left <span class="token operator"><</span> right<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
left<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">//如果满足条件则交换</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>left <span class="token operator"><</span> right<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
t <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>right<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>right<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>left<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>left<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> t<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">//最后将基准为与i和j相等位置的数字交换</span>
arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>low<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>left<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>left<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> temp<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">//递归调用左半数组</span>
<span class="token function">quickSort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> low<span class="token punctuation">,</span> right <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">//递归调用右半数组</span>
<span class="token function">quickSort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> right <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> high<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Test</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">testList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> ints <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">334</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">667</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">346</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">478</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">789</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">453</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> sort <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ints<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"sort = "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="复制(为作者贡献原力分)" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4259"}"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">12</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">13</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">14</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">15</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">16</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">17</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">18</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">19</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">20</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">21</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">22</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">23</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">24</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">25</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">26</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">27</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">28</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">29</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">30</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">31</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">32</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">33</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">34</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">35</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">36</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">37</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">38</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">39</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">40</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">41</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">42</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">43</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">44</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">45</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">46</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">47</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">48</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">49</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">50</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">51</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">52</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">53</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">54</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">55</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">56</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">57</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">58</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">59</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">60</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">61</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">62</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">63</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">64</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">65</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">66</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">67</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">68</li></ul></pre>
<h3><a name="t37"></a><a id="64__655"></a>6.4 算法分析</h3>
<ul><li>平均时间复杂度:O(n log n)</li><li>最好情况:O(n log n)</li><li>最坏情况:O(n<sup>2</sup>)</li><li>空间复杂度:O(log n)</li><li>稳定性:不稳定</li></ul>
<h2><a name="t38"></a><a id="7_663"></a>7、堆排序</h2>
<p>堆排序(Heapsort)是指利用堆这种数据结构所设计的一种排序算法。堆积是一个近似完全二叉树的结构,并同时满足堆积的性质:即子结点的键值或索引总是小于(或者大于)它的父节点。堆排序可以说是一种利用堆的概念来排序的选择排序。分为两种方法:</p>
<ol><li>大顶堆:每个节点的值都大于或等于其子节点的值,在堆排序算法中用于升序排列;</li><li>小顶堆:每个节点的值都小于或等于其子节点的值,在堆排序算法中用于降序排列;</li></ol>
<p>堆排序的平均时间复杂度为 Ο(nlogn)。</p>
<h3><a name="t39"></a><a id="71___672"></a>7.1 算法步骤</h3>
<ol><li>创建一个堆 H[0……n-1];</li><li>把堆首(最大值)和堆尾互换;</li><li>把堆的尺寸缩小 1,并调用 shift_down(0),目的是把新的数组顶端数据调整到相应位置;</li><li>重复步骤 2,直到堆的尺寸为 1。</li></ol>
<h3><a name="t40"></a><a id="72___679"></a>7.2 动图演示</h3>
<p><img src="https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRlZS5jb20vbG92ZXp6bi9pbWFnZS1yZXBvc2l0b3J5L3Jhdy9tYXN0ZXIvaW1nLzIwMjAwNTI2MjMwODQ1LmdpZg" alt=""></p>
<h3><a name="t41"></a><a id="73__683"></a>7.3 算法代码</h3>
<pre class="prettyprint"><code class="prism language-java has-numbering" οnclick="mdcp.copyCode(event)" style="position: unset;"><span class="token keyword">package</span> com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>zzn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">.</span>impl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>zzn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">.</span>IArraySort<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> org<span class="token punctuation">.</span>junit<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Test<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> java<span class="token punctuation">.</span>util<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Arrays<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/**
* 堆排序
*
* @author zzn
* @since 2019/10/19 15:37
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">HeapSort</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">IArraySort</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token comment">// 对 arr 进行拷贝,不改变参数内容</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr <span class="token operator">=</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">copyOf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> len <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 构建一个最大堆</span>
<span class="token function">buildMaxHeap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> len<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 将最后一个元素和第一个元素的位置进行交换</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> len <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token function">swap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
len<span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">heapify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> len<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">swap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> i<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> j<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> temp <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> temp<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/**
* 构建一个最大堆
*
* @param arr 数组
* @param len 长度
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">buildMaxHeap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> len<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> len <span class="token operator">/</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">>=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token function">heapify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token punctuation">,</span> len<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">heapify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> i<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> len<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token comment">// 左子树</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> left <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> i <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 右子树</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> right <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> i <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 父节点</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> largest <span class="token operator">=</span> i<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 如果有左子树,且左子树的值大于父节点,则将最大指针指向左子树</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>left <span class="token operator"><</span> len <span class="token operator">&&</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>left<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">></span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>largest<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
largest <span class="token operator">=</span> left<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// 如果有右子树,且右子树的值大于父节点,则将最大指针指向右子树</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>right <span class="token operator"><</span> len <span class="token operator">&&</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>right<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">></span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>largest<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
largest <span class="token operator">=</span> right<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// 如果父节点不是最大值,则将父节点与最大值交换,并且递归调整父节点交换的位置</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>largest <span class="token operator">!=</span> i<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token function">swap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> i<span class="token punctuation">,</span> largest<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">heapify</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> largest<span class="token punctuation">,</span> len<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Test</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">testList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> ints <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">334</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">667</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">346</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">478</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">789</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">453</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> sort <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ints<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"sort = "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="复制(为作者贡献原力分)" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4259"}"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">12</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">13</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">14</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">15</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">16</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">17</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">18</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">19</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">20</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">21</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">22</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">23</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">24</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">25</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">26</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">27</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">28</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">29</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">30</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">31</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">32</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">33</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">34</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">35</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">36</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">37</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">38</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">39</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">40</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">41</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">42</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">43</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">44</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">45</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">46</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">47</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">48</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">49</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">50</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">51</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">52</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">53</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">54</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">55</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">56</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">57</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">58</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">59</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">60</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">61</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">62</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">63</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">64</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">65</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">66</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">67</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">68</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">69</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">70</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">71</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">72</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">73</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">74</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">75</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">76</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">77</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">78</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">79</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">80</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">81</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">82</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">83</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">84</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">85</li></ul></pre>
<h3><a name="t42"></a><a id="74__773"></a>7.4 算法分析</h3>
<ul><li>平均时间复杂度:O(n log n)</li><li>最好情况:O(n log n)</li><li>最坏情况:O(n log n)</li><li>空间复杂度:O(1)</li><li>稳定性:不稳定</li></ul>
<h2><a name="t43"></a><a id="8_781"></a>8、计数排序</h2>
<p>计数排序的核心在于将输入的数据值转化为键存储在额外开辟的数组空间中。作为一种线性时间复杂度的排序,计数排序要求输入的数据必须是有确定范围的整数。</p>
<p>\1. 计数排序的特征</p>
<p>当输入的元素是 n 个 0 到 k 之间的整数时,它的运行时间是 Θ(n + k)。计数排序不是比较排序,排序的速度快于任何比较排序算法。</p>
<p>由于用来计数的数组C的长度取决于待排序数组中数据的范围(等于待排序数组的最大值与最小值的差加上1),这使得计数排序对于数据范围很大的数组,需要大量时间和内存。例如:计数排序是用来排序0到100之间的数字的最好的算法,但是它不适合按字母顺序排序人名。但是,计数排序可以用在基数排序中的算法来排序数据范围很大的数组。</p>
<p>通俗地理解,例如有 10 个年龄不同的人,统计出有 8 个人的年龄比 A 小,那 A 的年龄就排在第 9 位,用这个方法可以得到其他每个人的位置,也就排好了序。当然,年龄有重复时需要特殊处理(保证稳定性),这就是为什么最后要反向填充目标数组,以及将每个数字的统计减去 1 的原因。</p>
<h3><a name="t44"></a><a id="81__793"></a>8.1 算法步骤</h3>
<ul><li>(1)找出待排序的数组中最大和最小的元素</li><li>(2)统计数组中每个值为i的元素出现的次数,存入数组C的第i项</li><li>(3)对所有的计数累加(从C中的第一个元素开始,每一项和前一项相加)</li><li>(4)反向填充目标数组:将每个元素i放在新数组的第C(i)项,每放一个元素就将C(i)减去1</li></ul>
<h3><a name="t45"></a><a id="82__800"></a>8.2 动图演示</h3>
<p><img src="https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRlZS5jb20vbG92ZXp6bi9pbWFnZS1yZXBvc2l0b3J5L3Jhdy9tYXN0ZXIvaW1nLzIwMjAwNTI2MjMwOTU0LmdpZg" alt=""></p>
<h3><a name="t46"></a><a id="83__804"></a>8.3 算法代码</h3>
<pre class="prettyprint"><code class="prism language-java has-numbering" οnclick="mdcp.copyCode(event)" style="position: unset;"><span class="token keyword">package</span> com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>zzn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">.</span>impl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>zzn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">.</span>IArraySort<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> org<span class="token punctuation">.</span>junit<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Test<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> java<span class="token punctuation">.</span>util<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Arrays<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/**
* 计数排序
*
* @author zzn
* @since 2019/10/19 16:02
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">CountingSort</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">IArraySort</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token comment">// 对 arr 进行拷贝,不改变参数内容</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr <span class="token operator">=</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">copyOf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> maxValue <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">getMaxValue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">countingSort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> maxValue<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">countingSort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> maxValue<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> bucketLen <span class="token operator">=</span> maxValue <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> bucket <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bucketLen<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> value <span class="token operator">:</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
bucket<span class="token punctuation">[</span>value<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> sortedIndex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> j <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> j <span class="token operator"><</span> bucketLen<span class="token punctuation">;</span> j<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>bucket<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>sortedIndex<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> j<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
bucket<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">getMaxValue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> maxValue <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> value <span class="token operator">:</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>maxValue <span class="token operator"><</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
maxValue <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> maxValue<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Test</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">testList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> ints <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">9</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> sort <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ints<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"sort = "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="复制(为作者贡献原力分)" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4259"}"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">12</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">13</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">14</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">15</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">16</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">17</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">18</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">19</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">20</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">21</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">22</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">23</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">24</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">25</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">26</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">27</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">28</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">29</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">30</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">31</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">32</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">33</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">34</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">35</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">36</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">37</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">38</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">39</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">40</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">41</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">42</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">43</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">44</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">45</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">46</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">47</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">48</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">49</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">50</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">51</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">52</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">53</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">54</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">55</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">56</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">57</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">58</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">59</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">60</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">61</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">62</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">63</li></ul></pre>
<h3><a name="t47"></a><a id="84__872"></a>8.4 算法分析</h3>
<ul><li>平均时间复杂度:O(n + k)</li><li>最好情况:O(n + k)</li><li>最坏情况:O(n + k)</li><li>空间复杂度:O(k)</li><li>稳定性:稳定</li></ul>
<h2><a name="t48"></a><a id="9_880"></a>9、桶排序</h2>
<p>桶排序是计数排序的升级版。它利用了函数的映射关系,高效与否的关键就在于这个映射函数的确定。为了使桶排序更加高效,我们需要做到这两点:</p>
<ol><li>在额外空间充足的情况下,尽量增大桶的数量</li><li>使用的映射函数能够将输入的 N 个数据均匀的分配到 K 个桶中</li></ol>
<p>同时,对于桶中元素的排序,选择何种比较排序算法对于性能的影响至关重要。</p>
<h3><a name="t49"></a><a id="91__889"></a>9.1 算法描述</h3>
<ul><li>设置一个定量的数组当作空桶;</li><li>遍历输入数据,并且把数据一个一个放到对应的桶里去;</li><li>对每个不是空的桶进行排序;</li><li>从不是空的桶里把排好序的数据拼接起来</li></ul>
<h3><a name="t50"></a><a id="92__896"></a>9.2 图片演示</h3>
<p>元素分布在桶中:</p>
<p><img src="https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRlZS5jb20vbG92ZXp6bi9pbWFnZS1yZXBvc2l0b3J5L3Jhdy9tYXN0ZXIvaW1nLzIwMjAwNTI2MjMxMDA2LnBuZw?x-oss-process=image/format,png" alt=""></p>
<p>然后,元素在每个桶中排序:</p>
<p><img src="https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRlZS5jb20vbG92ZXp6bi9pbWFnZS1yZXBvc2l0b3J5L3Jhdy9tYXN0ZXIvaW1nLzIwMjAwNTI2MjMxMDA5LnBuZw?x-oss-process=image/format,png" alt=""></p>
<h3><a name="t51"></a><a id="93__906"></a>9.3 算法代码</h3>
<pre class="prettyprint"><code class="prism language-java has-numbering" οnclick="mdcp.copyCode(event)" style="position: unset;"><span class="token keyword">package</span> com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>zzn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">.</span>impl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>zzn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">.</span>IArraySort<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> org<span class="token punctuation">.</span>junit<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Test<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> java<span class="token punctuation">.</span>util<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Arrays<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/**
* 桶排序
*
* @author zzn
* @since 2019/10/19 17:03
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">BucketSort</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">IArraySort</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">final</span> InsertSort insertSort <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">InsertSort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token comment">// 对 arr 进行拷贝,不改变参数内容</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr <span class="token operator">=</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">copyOf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">bucketSort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">bucketSort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> bucketSize<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> minValue <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> maxValue <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> value <span class="token operator">:</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>value <span class="token operator"><</span> minValue<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
minValue <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>value <span class="token operator">></span> maxValue<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
maxValue <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> bucketCount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>maxValue <span class="token operator">-</span> minValue<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> bucketSize <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> buckets <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>bucketCount<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">// 利用映射函数将数据分配到各个桶中</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> index <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> minValue<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> bucketSize<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
buckets<span class="token punctuation">[</span>index<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">arrAppend</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>buckets<span class="token punctuation">[</span>index<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> arrIndex <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> bucket <span class="token operator">:</span> buckets<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>bucket<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length <span class="token operator"><=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">continue</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// 对每个桶进行排序,这里使用了插入排序</span>
bucket <span class="token operator">=</span> insertSort<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bucket<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> value <span class="token operator">:</span> bucket<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>arrIndex<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/**
* 自动扩容,并保存数据
*
* @param arr
* @param value
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">arrAppend</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
arr <span class="token operator">=</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">copyOf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Test</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">testList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> ints <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">334</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">667</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">346</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">478</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">789</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">453</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> sort <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ints<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"sort = "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="复制(为作者贡献原力分)" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4259"}"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">12</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">13</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">14</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">15</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">16</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">17</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">18</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">19</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">20</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">21</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">22</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">23</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">24</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">25</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">26</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">27</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">28</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">29</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">30</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">31</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">32</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">33</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">34</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">35</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">36</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">37</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">38</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">39</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">40</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">41</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">42</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">43</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">44</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">45</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">46</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">47</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">48</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">49</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">50</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">51</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">52</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">53</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">54</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">55</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">56</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">57</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">58</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">59</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">60</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">61</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">62</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">63</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">64</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">65</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">66</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">67</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">68</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">69</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">70</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">71</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">72</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">73</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">74</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">75</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">76</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">77</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">78</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">79</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">80</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">81</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">82</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">83</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">84</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">85</li></ul></pre>
<h3><a name="t52"></a><a id="94__996"></a>9.4 算法分析</h3>
<ul><li>平均时间复杂度:O(n + k)</li><li>最好情况:O(n + k)</li><li>最坏情况:O(n<sup>2</sup>)</li><li>空间复杂度:O(n+k)</li><li>稳定性:稳定</li></ul>
<h2><a name="t53"></a><a id="10_1004"></a>10、基数排序</h2>
<p>基数排序是一种非比较型整数排序算法,其原理是将整数按位数切割成不同的数字,然后按每个位数分别比较。由于整数也可以表达字符串(比如名字或日期)和特定格式的浮点数,所以基数排序也不是只能使用于整数。</p>
<h3><a name="t54"></a><a id="101__vs__vs__1008"></a>10.1 基数排序 vs 计数排序 vs 桶排序</h3>
<p>基数排序有两种方法:</p>
<p>这三种排序算法都利用了桶的概念,但对桶的使用方法上有明显差异:</p>
<ul><li>基数排序:根据键值的每位数字来分配桶;</li><li>计数排序:每个桶只存储单一键值;</li><li>桶排序:每个桶存储一定范围的数值;</li></ul>
<h3><a name="t55"></a><a id="102_LSD__1018"></a>10.2 LSD 基数排序动图演示</h3>
<p><img src="https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRlZS5jb20vbG92ZXp6bi9pbWFnZS1yZXBvc2l0b3J5L3Jhdy9tYXN0ZXIvaW1nLzIwMjAwNTI2MjMxMDQ0LmdpZg" alt=""></p>
<h3><a name="t56"></a><a id="103__1022"></a>10.3 算法代码</h3>
<pre class="prettyprint"><code class="prism language-java has-numbering" οnclick="mdcp.copyCode(event)" style="position: unset;"><span class="token keyword">package</span> com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>zzn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">.</span>impl<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> com<span class="token punctuation">.</span>zzn<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">.</span>IArraySort<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> org<span class="token punctuation">.</span>junit<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Test<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> java<span class="token punctuation">.</span>util<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Arrays<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">/**
* 基数排序
* 考虑负数的情况还可以参考: https://code.i-harness.com/zh-CN/q/e98fa9
*
* @author zzn
* @since 2019/10/19 18:56
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">RadixSort</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">IArraySort</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token comment">// 对 arr 进行拷贝,不改变参数内容</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr <span class="token operator">=</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">copyOf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sourceArray<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> maxDigit <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">getMaxDigit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">radixSort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> maxDigit<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/**
* 获取最高位数
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">getMaxDigit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> maxValue <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">getMaxValue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">getNumLenght</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>maxValue<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">getMaxValue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> maxValue <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> value <span class="token operator">:</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>maxValue <span class="token operator"><</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
maxValue <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> maxValue<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">protected</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> <span class="token function">getNumLenght</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">long</span> num<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>num <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> lenght <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">long</span> temp <span class="token operator">=</span> num<span class="token punctuation">;</span> temp <span class="token operator">!=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> temp <span class="token operator">/=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
lenght<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> lenght<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">radixSort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> maxDigit<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> mod <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> dev <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> maxDigit<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> dev <span class="token operator">*=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mod <span class="token operator">*=</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token comment">// 考虑负数的情况,这里扩展一倍队列数,其中 [0-9]对应负数,[10-19]对应正数 (bucket + 10)</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> counter <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>mod <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> j <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> j <span class="token operator"><</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">;</span> j<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> bucket <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">%</span> mod<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">/</span> dev<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> mod<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
counter<span class="token punctuation">[</span>bucket<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">arrayAppend</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>counter<span class="token punctuation">[</span>bucket<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>j<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span> pos <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> bucket <span class="token operator">:</span> counter<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> value <span class="token operator">:</span> bucket<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>pos<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">/**
* 自动扩容,并保存数据
*
* @param arr
* @param value
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token function">arrayAppend</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> value<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
arr <span class="token operator">=</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">copyOf</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">,</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
arr<span class="token punctuation">[</span>arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> value<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Test</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">testList</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> ints <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span><span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">334</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">64</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">32</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">667</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">346</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">478</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">789</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">453</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">int</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> sort <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ints<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"sort = "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>sort<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="复制(为作者贡献原力分)" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4259"}"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">12</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">13</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">14</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">15</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">16</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">17</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">18</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">19</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">20</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">21</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">22</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">23</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">24</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">25</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">26</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">27</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">28</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">29</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">30</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">31</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">32</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">33</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">34</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">35</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">36</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">37</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">38</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">39</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">40</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">41</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">42</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">43</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">44</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">45</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">46</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">47</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">48</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">49</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">50</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">51</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">52</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">53</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">54</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">55</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">56</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">57</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">58</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">59</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">60</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">61</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">62</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">63</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">64</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">65</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">66</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">67</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">68</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">69</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">70</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">71</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">72</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">73</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">74</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">75</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">76</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">77</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">78</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">79</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">80</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">81</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">82</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">83</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">84</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">85</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">86</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">87</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">88</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">89</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">90</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">91</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">92</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">93</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">94</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">95</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">96</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">97</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">98</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">99</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">100</li></ul></pre>
<h3><a name="t57"></a><a id="104__1127"></a>10.4 算法分析</h3>
<ul><li>平均时间复杂度:O(n * k)</li><li>最好情况:O(n * k)</li><li>最坏情况:O(n * k)</li><li>空间复杂度:O(n+k)</li><li>稳定性:稳定</li></ul>
<p>10-19]对应正数 (bucket + 10)<br> int[][] counter = new int[mod * 2][0];</p>
<pre class="prettyprint"><code class="has-numbering" οnclick="mdcp.copyCode(event)" style="position: unset;"> for (int j = 0; j < arr.length; j++) {
int bucket = ((arr[j] % mod) / dev) + mod;
counter[bucket] = arrayAppend(counter[bucket], arr[j]);
}
int pos = 0;
for (int[] bucket : counter) {
for (int value : bucket) {
arr[pos++] = value;
}
}
}
return arr;
}
/**
* 自动扩容,并保存数据
*
* @param arr
* @param value
*/
private int[] arrayAppend(int[] arr, int value) {
arr = Arrays.copyOf(arr, arr.length + 1);
arr[arr.length - 1] = value;
return arr;
}
@Test
public void testList() {
int[] ints = new int[]{11, 334, 64, 32, 667, 346, 478, 11, 3, 1, 789, 453, 4};
int[] sort = sort(ints);
System.out.println("sort = " + Arrays.toString(sort));
}
<div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="复制(为作者贡献原力分)" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4259"}"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">12</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">13</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">14</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">15</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">16</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">17</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">18</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">19</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">20</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">21</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">22</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">23</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">24</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">25</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">26</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">27</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">28</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">29</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">30</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">31</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">32</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">33</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">34</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">35</li></ul></pre>
<p>}</p>
<pre class="prettyprint"><code class="has-numbering" οnclick="mdcp.copyCode(event)" style="position: unset;">
### 10.4 算法分析
- 平均时间复杂度:O(n * k)
- 最好情况:O(n * k)
- 最坏情况:O(n * k)
- 空间复杂度:O(n+k)
- 稳定性:稳定
<div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="复制(为作者贡献原力分)" data-report-click="{"spm":"1001.2101.3001.4259"}"></div></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style=""><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">1</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">2</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">3</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">4</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">5</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">6</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">7</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">8</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">9</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">10</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">11</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">12</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">13</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">14</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">15</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">16</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">17</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">18</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">19</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">20</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">21</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">22</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">23</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">24</li><li style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">25</li></ul></pre>
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