C++学习-Day-25

一、编程练习

1. 12_1

#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
class Cow
{
    char name[20];
    char * hobby;
    double weight;
public:
    Cow();
    Cow(const char * nm,const char * ho,double wt);
    Cow(const Cow &c);
    ~Cow();
    Cow &operator=(const Cow &c);
    void showCow() const;
};
Cow::Cow()
{
    name[0]='\0';
    hobby=new char;
    hobby[0]=0;
    weight=0.0;
}
Cow::Cow(const char * nm,const char * ho,double wt)
{
    strcpy(name,nm);
    hobby=new char[sizeof(ho)];
    strcpy(hobby,ho);
    weight=wt;
}
Cow::Cow(const Cow &c)
{
    strcpy(name,c.name);
    hobby=new char[sizeof(c.hobby)];
    strcpy(hobby,c.hobby);
    weight=c.weight;
}
Cow::~Cow()
{
    std::cout<<"destroy\n";
    delete [] hobby;
}
Cow &Cow::operator=(const Cow &c)
{
    if(this==&c)
        return *this;
    delete [] hobby;
    hobby=new char[sizeof(c.hobby)];
    strcpy(name,c.name);
    strcpy(hobby,c.hobby);
    weight=c.weight;
    return *this;
}
void Cow::showCow() const
{
    std::cout<<"Name: "<<name<<std::endl
            <<"Hobby: "<<hobby<<std::endl
            <<"Weight: "<<weight<<std::endl;
}
int main()
{
    Cow c1;
    c1.showCow();
    Cow c2=Cow("steve","guitar",72.5);
    c2.showCow();
}

2. 12_2

//String1.h
#ifndef STRING1_H_INCLUDED
#define STRING1_H_INCLUDED
#include<iostream>
using std::ostream;
using std::istream;

class String
{
 private:
    char * str;
    int len;
    static int num_strings;
    static const int CINLIM=80;
 public:
    String(const char *s);
    String();
    String(const String &s);
    ~String();
    int length()const {return len;};
    String &operator=(const String &s);
    String &operator=(const char *s);
    const char & operator[](int i) const;
    char & operator[](int i);
    void Stringlow();//to_lower strings
    void Stringupper();//to_upper strings
    int charcount(char c);//return the number of char c appearing in string
    friend bool operator<(const String &s1,const String &s2);
    friend bool operator>(const String &s1,const String &s2);
    friend bool operator==(const String &s1,const String &s2);
    friend String  operator+(const char *s1,const String &s2);//joining two strings
    friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &os,const String &s);
    friend istream & operator>>(istream &is,String &s);
    String  operator+(const String &s);
    String  operator+(const char *s);
    static int HowMany();
};

#endif // STRING1_H_INCLUDED

//main.cpp
#include<iostream>
#include"String1.h"
#include<cctype>
#include<cstring>
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
int String::num_strings=0;
int String::HowMany()
{
    return num_strings;
}
String::String(const char *s)
{
    len=strlen(s);
    str=new char[len+1];
    strcpy(str,s);
    num_strings++;
}
String::String()
{
    len=4;
    str=new char;
    str[0]=0;
    num_strings=0;
}
String::String(const String &s)
{
    len=s.len;
    str=new char[len+1];
    strcpy(str,s.str);
    num_strings++;
}
String::~String()
{
    --num_strings;
    delete [] str;
}
String &String::operator=(const String &s)
{
    if(this==&s)
        return *this;
    len=s.len;
    delete [] str;
    str=new char[len+1];
    strcpy(str,s.str);
    return *this;
}
String &String::operator=(const char *s)
{
    len=strlen(s);
    delete [] str;
    str=new char[len+1];
    strcpy(str,s);
    return *this;
}
const char & String::operator[](int i) const
{
    return str[i];
}
char & String::operator[](int i)
{
    return str[i];
}
void String::Stringlow()//to_lower strings
{
    for(int i=0;i<len;i++)
    {
         str[i]=tolower(str[i]);
    }
}
void String::Stringupper()//to_upper strings
{
    for(int i=0;i<len;i++)
    {
        str[i]=toupper(str[i]);
    }
}
int String::charcount(char c)//return the number of char c appearing in string
{
    int n=0;
    for(int i=0;i<len;i++)
    {
        if(str[i]==c)
            n++;
    }
    return n;
}
bool operator<(const String &s1,const String &s2)
{
    return (strcmp(s1.str,s2.str)<0);
}
bool operator>(const String &s1,const String &s2)
{
    return s2<s1;
}
bool operator==(const String &s1,const String &s2)
{
    return (strcmp(s1.str,s2.str)==0);
}
String  operator+(const char *s1,const String &s2)//joining two strings
{
    int total_len=strlen(s1)+s2.len;
    char *temp=new char[total_len+1];
    strcpy(temp,s1);
    strcpy(temp+strlen(s1),s2.str);
    temp[total_len]='\0';
    return String(temp);//保证输出对象结构一致
}
String  String::operator+(const String &s)
{
    int total_len=len+s.len;
    char *temp=new char[total_len+1];
    strcpy(temp,str);
    strcpy(temp+len,s.str);
    temp[total_len]='\0';
    return String(temp);//保证输出对象结构一致
}
String  String::operator+(const char *s)
{
    int total_len=len+strlen(s);
    char *temp=new char[total_len+1];
    strcpy(temp,str);
    strcpy(temp+len,s);
    temp[total_len]='\0';
    return String(temp);//保证输出对象结构一致
}
ostream & operator<<(ostream &os,const String &s)
{
    os<<s.str;
    return os;
}
istream & operator>>(istream &is,String &s)
{
    char temp[String::CINLIM];
    is.get(temp,String::CINLIM);
    if(is)
        s=temp;
    while(is && is.get()!='\n')
        continue;
    return is;
}

int main()
{
    String s1(" and I am a C++ student.");
    String s2="Please enter your name: ";
    String s3;
    cout<<s2;
    cin>>s3;
    s2="My name is "+s3;
    cout<<s2<<".\n";
    s2.Stringupper();
    cout<<"The string\n"<<s2<<"\ncontains "<<s2.charcount('A')
        <<" 'A' characters in it.\n";
    s1="red";
    String rgb[3]={String(s1),String("green"),String("blue")};
    cout<<"Enter th name of a primary color for mixing light: ";
    String ans;
    bool success=false;
    while(cin>>ans)
    {
        ans.Stringlow();
        for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
        {
            if(ans==rgb[i])
            {
                cout<<"That's right!\n";
                success=true;
                break;
            }
        }
        if(success)
            break;
        else
            cout<<"Try again!\n";
    }
    cout<<"Bye\n";
    return 0;
}

1. 12_3

//Stock2.h
#ifndef Stock2__H_INCLUDED
#define Stock2__H_INCLUDED
#include<iostream>
using std::ostream;
class Stock
{
private:
    char *company;
    int shares;
    double share_val;
    double total_val;
    void set_tot(){total_val=shares*share_val;};
public:
    Stock();
    Stock(const char *s,long n=0,double pr=0.0);
    ~Stock();
    void buy(long num,double price);
    void sell(long num,double price);
    void update(double price);
    friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &os,const Stock & s);
    const Stock & topval(const Stock &s) const;
};

#endif // Stock2__H_INCLUDED

//main.cpp
#include<iostream>
#include"Stock2.h"
#include<cstring>
Stock::Stock()
{
    company=new char[8];
    strcpy(company,"no name");
    shares=0;
    share_val=0.0;
    total_val=0.0;
}
Stock::Stock(const char *s,long n,double pr)
{
    company=new char[strlen(s)];
    strcpy(company,s);
    if(n<0)
    {
        std::cout<<"Number of shares can't be negative;"
                 <<company<<" shares wet to 0.\n";
        shares=0;
    }
    else
        shares=n;
    share_val=pr;
    set_tot();
}

Stock::~Stock()
{
    delete [] company;
}
void Stock::buy(long num,double price)
{
    if(num<0)
    {
        std::cout<<"Number of shares purchased can't be negative. "
                 <<"Traction is aborted.\n";
    }
    else
    {
        shares+=num;
        share_val=price;
        set_tot();
    }
}

void Stock::sell(long num,double price)
{
    if(num<0)
    {
        std::cout<<"Number of shares sold can't be negative. "
                 <<"Traction is aborted.\n";
    }
    else if(num>shares)
    {
        std::cout<<"You can't sell more than you have! "
                 <<"Traction is aborted.\n";
    }
    else
    {
        shares-=num;
        share_val=price;
        set_tot();
    }
}
void Stock::update(double price)
{
    share_val=price;
    set_tot();
}
ostream & operator<<(ostream &os,const Stock & s)
{
    using std::ios_base;
    ios_base::fmtflags orig=std::cout.setf(ios_base::fixed,ios_base::floatfield);
    std::streamsize prec=std::cout.precision(3);
    os<<"Company:"<<s.company<<std::endl
      <<"Shares:"<<s.shares<<std::endl
      <<"Share_val:$ "<<s.share_val<<std::endl;
    std::cout.precision(2);
    os<<"Total_val:$ "<<s.total_val<<std::endl;
    std::cout.setf(orig,ios_base::floatfield);
    std::cout.precision(prec);
    return os;
}
const Stock & Stock::topval(const Stock &s) const
{
    if(s.total_val>total_val)
        return s;
    else
        return *this;
}
const int STKS=4;
int main()
{
    Stock stocks[STKS]=
    {
        Stock("NanoSmart",12,20.0),
        Stock("Boffo Objects",200,2.0),
        Stock("Monolithic Obelisks",130,3.25),
        Stock("Fleep Enterprises",60,6.5),
    };
    std::cout<<"Stock holdings:\n";
    for(int i=0;i<STKS;i++)
        std::cout<<stocks[i];
    const Stock *top=&stocks[0];
    for(int i=1;i<STKS;i++)
        top=&top->topval(stocks[i]);
    std::cout<<"Most valuable holding:\n";
    std::cout<<*top;
    return 0;
}