Programming Windows（六）_Timer

 

早期的DOS程序用捕捉BIOS的"Timer tick"中断来实现计时的，Windows程序则不必这么做，因为Windows操作系统自己会负责处理"Timer tick"中断，当调用SetTimer()函数后，每当系统检测到一个Timer Tick后，uElapse计数器减一，当该计数器为0时，Windows会在相应的应用程序消息队列放置WM_TIEMR消息，同时重新给计数器赋初值

 

程序员不必担心正常运行的程序被中断，因为Windows操作系统负责捕捉到硬件Timer Tick的，而且它的中断处理就是将WM_TIMER按顺序放在消息队列中，中断异步事件由操作系统的驱动层去完成，就像Mouse与Keyboard一样。底层检测硬件中断事件，上层将事件转换成相应的消息，并放置到队列等待处理。

 

实际上WM_TIMER与WM_PAINT有些类似：
两者的优先级都很低，当消息队列中没有其它消息时，操作系统才会将它们放置到消息队列
队列中不会存在多个WM_PAINT或WM_TIMER消息，Windows只会把多个WM_TIMER合并成一个 WM_TIMER 消息

因此，WM_TIMER响应不是很及时的，所以用WM_TIMER计数并不准确

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#include <windows.h>

#define ID_TIMER_METHOD1    1
#define ID_TIMER_METHOD2    2


LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
void CALLBACK TimerProcMethod2(HWND, UINT, UINT, DWORD);
void CALLBACK TimerProcMethod3(HWND, UINT, UINT, DWORD);

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                   PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
    static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("Timer");
    HWND         hwnd;
    MSG             msg;
    WNDCLASS     wndclass;

    wndclass.style         = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
    wndclass.cbClsExtra     = 0;
    wndclass.cbWndExtra     = 0;
    wndclass.hInstance     = hInstance;
    wndclass.hIcon         = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    wndclass.hCursor     = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wndclass.hbrBackground    = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
    wndclass.lpszMenuName    = NULL;
    wndclass.lpszClassName    = szAppName;

    if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Program requires Windows NT!"),
                   szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
        return 0;
    }

    hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName, TEXT("Timer Demo"),
                        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
                        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
                        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
                        NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

    ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
    UpdateWindow(hwnd);

    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
    {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }

    return msg.wParam;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    static BOOL fFlipFlop = FALSE;
    static UINT y = 0;
    TCHAR        szBuffer[] = "Hello World!";
    static UINT iTimerID = 0;
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    HDC         hdc;
    RECT        rc;
    TEXTMETRIC    tm;
    static int    cyChar;

    switch(message)
    {
    case WM_CREATE:
        hdc = GetDC(hwnd);
        GetTextMetrics(hdc, &tm);
        cyChar = tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading;

        SetTimer(hwnd, ID_TIMER_METHOD1, 1000, NULL);                //Method 1
        SetTimer(hwnd, ID_TIMER_METHOD2, 1000, TimerProcMethod2);    //Method 2
        iTimerID = SetTimer(NULL, 0, 1000, TimerProcMethod3);        //Method 3

        return 0;

    case WM_TIMER:
        fFlipFlop = !fFlipFlop;
        InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, FALSE);
        return 0;

    case WM_PAINT:        
        hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);

        if (fFlipFlop)
        {
            TextOut(hdc, 0, y, szBuffer, lstrlen(szBuffer));
            GetClientRect(hwnd, &rc);

            y += cyChar;
            if (y> rc.bottom)
            {
                y = 0;
            }
           
        }
        EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
        return 0;

    case WM_DESTROY:
        KillTimer(hwnd, ID_TIMER_METHOD1);               //Method 1
        KillTimer(hwnd, ID_TIMER_METHOD2);               //Method 2
        KillTimer(NULL, iTimerID);                                    //Method 3
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        return 0;

    }
    return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}

void CALLBACK TimerProcMethod2(HWND hwnd, UINT message, UINT iTimerID, DWORD dwTime)
{

    static BOOL fFlipFlop = FALSE;
    HBRUSH        hBrush;
    HDC            hdc;
    RECT        rc;
    
    fFlipFlop = !fFlipFlop;
    
    hdc = GetDC(hwnd);
    GetClientRect(hwnd, &rc);
    hBrush = CreateHatchBrush(HS_CROSS, fFlipFlop ? RGB(250, 0, 0) : RGB(0, 0, 250));
    //rc.left += 100;
    FillRect(hdc, &rc, hBrush);
    ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc);
    DeleteObject(hBrush);

}

void CALLBACK TimerProcMethod3(HWND hwnd, UINT message, UINT iTimerID, DWORD dwTime)
{
    MessageBeep(-1);
}

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