《Android源码设计模式解析与实战》读书笔记（二十二）

http://blog.csdn.net/qq_17766199/article/details/50534726

第二十二章、享元模式

享元模式是结构型设计模式之一，是对对象池的一种实现。就像它的名字一样，共享对象，避免重复的创建。我们常用的String 就是使用了共享模式，所以String类型的对象创建后就不可改变，如果当两个String对象所包含的内容相同时，JVM只创建一个String对象对应这两个不同的对象引用。

1.定义

采用一个共享来避免大量拥有相同内容对象的开销。使用享元模式可有效支持大量的细粒度对象。

2.使用场景

（1）系统中存在大量的相似对象。

（2）细粒度的对象都具备较接近的外部状态，而且内部状态与环境不关，也就是说对象没有特定身份。

（3）需要缓冲池的场景。

PS：内部状态与外部状态：在享元对象内部并且不会随着环境改变而改变的共享部分，可以称之为享元对象的内部状态，反之随着环境改变而改变的，不可共享的状态称之为外部状态。

3.UML类图

享元模式分为单纯享元模式和复合享元模式，上图是复合享元模式。

（1）Flyweight：享元对象抽象基类或者接口。

（2）ConcreateFlyweight：具体的享元对象，如果有内部状态的话，必须负责为内部状态提供存储空间。

（3）UnsharadConcreateFlyweight：复合享元角色所代表的对象是不可以共享的，并且可以分解成为多个单纯享元对象的组合。单纯享元模式没有此项，这也是两者在结构上的区别。

（4）FlyweightFactoiy：享元工厂，负责管理享元对象池和创建享元对象。

（5）Client：维护对所有享元对象的引用，而且还需要存储对应的外蕴状态。

4.简单实现

情景：过年买火车票的时候，我们需要查询车票的情况，那么如果每次查询车票时都创建一个结果，那么必然会大量的创建出许多重复的对象，频繁的去销毁他们，使得GC任务繁重。那么这时我们可以使用享元模式，将这些对象缓存起来，查询时优先使用缓存，没有缓存在重新创建。

首先是Ticket接口（Flyweight）：

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">interface</span> Ticket {

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">showTicketInfo</span>(String bunk);

}
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

TrainTicket具体实现类（ConcreateFlyweight）：

<code class="hljs java has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//火车票</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">TrainTicket</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">Ticket</span>{</span>

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> String from; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 始发地</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> String to; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 目的地</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> String bunk; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//铺位</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> price; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//价格</span>

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">TrainTicket</span>(String from, String to) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.from = from;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.to = to;
    }

    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">showTicketInfo</span>(String bunk) {
        price = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Random().nextInt(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">300</span>);
        System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"购买 从 "</span> + from + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">" 到 "</span> + to + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"的"</span> + bunk + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"火车票"</span> + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">", 价格："</span> + price);
    }

}
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li></ul>

TicketFactory 管理查询火车票（FlyweightFactoiy）:

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> TicketFactory {
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> Map<String, Ticket> sTicketMap = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> ConcurrentHashMap<String, Ticket>(); 

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> Ticket <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getTicket</span>(String <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">from</span> ,String to){
        String key = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">from</span> + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"-"</span> + to;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(sTicketMap.containsKey(key)){
            System.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">out</span>.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"使用缓存 ==> "</span> + key);
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> sTicketMap.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">get</span>(key);
        }<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span>{
            System.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">out</span>.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"创建对象 ==> "</span> + key);
            Ticket ticket = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> TrainTicket(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">from</span>, to);
            sTicketMap.put(key, ticket);
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> ticket;
        }

    }
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li></ul>

查询：

<code class="hljs java has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> class Client {
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">main</span>(String[] args) {
        Ticket ticket01 = TicketFactory.getTicket(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"北京"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"青岛"</span>);
        ticket01.showTicketInfo(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"上铺"</span>);

        Ticket ticket02 = TicketFactory.getTicket(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"北京"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"青岛"</span>);
        ticket02.showTicketInfo(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"下铺"</span>);

        Ticket ticket03 = TicketFactory.getTicket(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"北京"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"西安"</span>);
        ticket03.showTicketInfo(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"坐票"</span>);
    }
}
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li></ul>

结果

<code class="hljs php has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">创建对象 ==> 北京-青岛
购买 从 北京 到 青岛的上铺火车票, 价格：<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">71</span>
使用缓存 ==> 北京-青岛
购买 从 北京 到 青岛的下铺火车票, 价格：<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">32</span>
创建对象 ==> 北京-西安
购买 从 北京 到 西安的坐票火车票, 价格：<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">246</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

5.Android源码中的实现

1.Message

因为Android是事件驱动的，因此如果通过new创建 Message 就会创建大量的 Message 对象，导致内存占用率高，频繁GC等问题。那么 Message就采用了享元模式。

Message通过next成员变量保有对下一个Message的引用，最后一个可用Message的next则为空。从而构成了一个Message链表。Message Pool就通过该链表的表头管理着所有闲置的Message，一个Message在使用完后可以通过recycle()方法进入Message Pool，并在需要时通过obtain静态方法从Message Pool获取。Message 承担了享元模式中3个元素的职责，即是Flyweight抽象，又是ConcreateFlyweight角色，同时又承担了FlyweightFactoiy管理对象池的职责。

所以使用Message推荐obtain()，不要去new了。

<code class="hljs mathematica has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">//<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>。使用new <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">Message</span>()  
//<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">Message</span> mess = new <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">Message</span>();  

//<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>。使用<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">Message</span>.obtain()  
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">Message</span> mess = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">Message</span>.obtain();  
mess.what = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>;  

//<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">Message</span> mess = mHandler.obtainMessage(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>);  与上两行的代码一样，可以参考源码查看  
mHandler.sendMessage(mess);  </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul>

6.总结

1.优点

（1）大大减少应用程序创建的对象，降低程序内存的占用，增强程序的性能。

（2）使用享元模式，可以让享元对象可以在不同的环境中被共享。

2.缺点

（1）使得系统更加复杂。为了使对象可以共享，需要将一些状态外部化，这使得程序的逻辑复杂化。

（2）享元模式将需、享元对象的状态外部化，而读取外部状态使得运行时间稍微变长。

7.参考

1. 深入浅出享元模式