原文转至:http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/1617
JDK 7 oracle 文章地址:http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/io/notification.html
目前为止,java没有提供自带的对文件目录改变的监听器。使用java自带的(如果是native的就更好了)会方便很多。
这要等到java 7的出现,见:http://tech.puredanger.com/java7#jsr203,jsr203对io的新扩展中,有:
A new filesystem interface that supports bulk access to file attributes, change notification, …
但是,目前一般的做法还是自己启动线程定时监控变化。带来的问题是目录文件和嵌套过多的时候性能会下降。
网上有一个现成的解决方案,提供了源代码下载:
http://twit88.com/blog/2007/10/02/develop-a-java-file-watcher/
可以简单的调用该类库,以下是每5秒钟监控一下指定目录的变化的示例:
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Monitor c:/temp every 5 seconds
DirectoryWatcher dw = new DirectoryWatcher(“c:/temp/”, 5);
dw.addListener(new FileListener());
dw.start();
其中的FileListener就是自定义的文件监听器。需要实现接口:
com.lightspeedleader.directorywatcher.IFileListener
可实现的方法包括:
/**
* Monitoring has just started on this new resource.
*
* @param monitoredResource the resource now being monitored.
*/
public void onStart(Object monitoredResource);/**
* Monitoring has just ended on this new resource.
*
* @param notMonitoredResource the resource not being monitored anymore.
*/
public void onStop(Object notMonitoredResource);/**
* Something has been added to this resource, or the resource itself has
* been added.
*
* @param newResource the new resource
*/
public void onAdd(Object newResource);/**
* The resource has been changed.
*
* @param changedResource the changed resource
*/
public void onChange(Object changedResource);/**
* Something has been added to this resource, or the resource itself has
* been added.
*
* @param deletedResource the deleted resource
*/
public void onDelete(Object deletedResource);
}
作者也给出了一个简单的实现:
public class FileListener extends BaseListener implements IFileListener {
/**
* Connstructor
*/
public FileListener() {
super();
}public void onStart(Object monitoredResource) {
// On startup
if (monitoredResource instanceof File) {
File resource = (File) monitoredResource;
if (resource.isDirectory()) {System.out.println(“Start to monitor ” + resource.getAbsolutePath());
/*File[] files = resource.listFiles();
for (int i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {
File f = (File) files[i];
onAdd(f);
}*/
}
}
}public void onStop(Object notMonitoredResource) {
}
public void onAdd(Object newResource) {
if (newResource instanceof File) {
File file = (File) newResource;
if (file.isFile()) {
System.out.println(file.getAbsolutePath() + ” is added”);
}
}
}public void onChange(Object changedResource) {
if (changedResource instanceof File) {
File file = (File) changedResource;
if (file.isFile()) {
System.out.println(file.getAbsolutePath() + ” is changed”);
}}
}public void onDelete(Object deletedResource) {
if (deletedResource instanceof String) {
String deletedFile = (String) deletedResource;
System.out.println(deletedFile + ” is deleted”);
}
}
}
为了使用方便,将该源代码未作任何改动,部署到个人的repository上,可在maven中引用:
<dependency>
<groupId>com.lightspeedleader</groupId>
<artifactId>directorywatcher</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
</dependency>
监听器程序启动线程监控目录,如果不再使用,应该予以关闭:
dw.stop();
如果是在web系统中使用,应该通过web应用监听器:
javax.servlet.ServletContextListener
的contextInitialized方法启动文件监听器,通过contextDestroyed方法关闭文件监听器。
有关该监听器的用法,见:
http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-5.5-doc/servletapi/javax/servlet/ServletContextListener.html