安全防护工具之 ClamAV

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ClamAV是一个C语言开发的开源病毒扫描工具用于检测木马/病毒/恶意软件等。可以在线更新病毒库,Linux系统的病毒较少,但是并不意味着病毒免疫,尤其是对于诸如邮件或者归档文件中夹杂的病毒往往更加难以防范,而ClamAV则能起到不少作用。
ClamAV相关信息如下:

               
项目详细
官方地址http://www.clamav.net/
下载地址http://www.clamav.net/downloads
当前稳定版本0.99.2

功能特性

                                   
项目详细
主要用途邮件网关的病毒扫描,内建支持多种邮件格式
高性能提供多线程的扫描进程
命令行提供密令行扫描方式
扫描对象可以对要发送的邮件或者文件进行扫描
文件格式支持多种文件格式
病毒库更新频度一天多次病毒库的更新
归档文件支持扫描多种归档文件,比如Zip, RAR, Dmg, Tar, Gzip, Bzip2, OLE2, Cabinet, CHM, BinHex, SIS等
文档支持流行的文档文件,比如: MS Office文件,MacOffice文件, HTML, Flash, RTF,PDF

安装方式

           
项目详细
CENTOS/RHELyum -y install clamav
Ubuntu/Debianapt-get install clamav

注意:centos上的clamd是在epel-release下,需要现行安装epel-release。 如果使用源码安装方式的话,保证C编译器和ZLIB等存在的情况下对源码./configure->make->make install即可。

安装日志

[root@liumiaocn ~]# yum -y install epel-releaseLoaded plugins: fastestmirror... Package    : centos-release-7-3.1611.el7.centos.x86_64 (@anaconda) From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction  Installing : epel-release-7-9.noarch                                                                                                                               1/1   Verifying  : epel-release-7-9.noarch                                                                                                                               1/1 Installed:  epel-release.noarch 0:7-9                                                                                                                                              Complete![root@liumiaocn ~]# 
  
  
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[root@liumiaocn ~]# yum -y install clamavLoaded plugins: fastestmirror...Running transaction  Installing : clamav-filesystem-0.99.2-8.el7.noarch                                                                                                                 1/4   Installing : clamav-data-0.99.2-8.el7.noarch                                                                                                                       2/4   Installing : clamav-lib-0.99.2-8.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                        3/4   Installing : clamav-0.99.2-8.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                            4/4   Verifying  : clamav-lib-0.99.2-8.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                        1/4   Verifying  : clamav-data-0.99.2-8.el7.noarch                                                                                                                       2/4   Verifying  : clamav-0.99.2-8.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                            3/4   Verifying  : clamav-filesystem-0.99.2-8.el7.noarch                                                                                                                 4/4 Installed:  clamav.x86_64 0:0.99.2-8.el7                                                                                                                                           Dependency Installed:  clamav-data.noarch 0:0.99.2-8.el7                     clamav-filesystem.noarch 0:0.99.2-8.el7                     clamav-lib.x86_64 0:0.99.2-8.el7                    Complete![root@liumiaocn ~]#
  
  
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版本确认

[root@liumiaocn ~]# clamscan --versionClamAV 0.99.2/21723/Mon Jun 13 09:53:00 2016[root@liumiaocn ~]# 
  
  
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扫描

使用clamscan命令行对某一目录进行扫描,可以确认结果是否OK,同时会给出一个扫描的总体信息,其中Infected files是扫描出来的被感染的文件个数。比如如下示例表明对/root目录下的文件进行扫描,未发现感染文件的情况。

[root@liumiaocn ~]# clamscan /rootLibClamAV Warning: **************************************************LibClamAV Warning: ***  The virus database is older than 7 days!  ***LibClamAV Warning: ***   Please update it as soon as possible.    ***LibClamAV Warning: **************************************************/root/.bash_logout: OK/root/.bash_profile: OK/root/.bashrc: OK/root/.cshrc: OK/root/.tcshrc: OK/root/anaconda-ks.cfg: OK/root/.bash_history: OK----------- SCAN SUMMARY -----------Known viruses: 4490129Engine version: 0.99.2Scanned directories: 1Scanned files: 7Infected files: 0Data scanned: 0.00 MBData read: 0.00 MB (ratio 0.00:1)Time: 19.365 sec (0 m 19 s)[root@liumiaocn ~]# 
  
  
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注意:此处提示“The virus database is older than 7 days!”的原因在于病毒库没有及时更新。因为使用yum缺省安装目前的版本似乎不会自动安装freshclam的病毒库更新功能,后面我们会使用源码安装方式来解决这个问题。

模拟病毒文件

从eicar.org下载一个用于模拟病毒的文件,看一下clamav是否能够扫描出来

[root@liumiaocn ~]# wget http://www.eicar.org/download/eicar.com--2017-08-02 23:03:10--  http://www.eicar.org/download/eicar.comResolving www.eicar.org (www.eicar.org)... 213.211.198.62Connecting to www.eicar.org (www.eicar.org)|213.211.198.62|:80... connected.HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OKLength: 68 [application/octet-stream]Saving to: ‘eicar.com100%[===============================================================================================================================>] 68          --.-K/s   in 0s      2017-08-02 23:03:20 (318 KB/s) - ‘eicar.com’ saved [68/68][root@liumiaocn ~]# lsanaconda-ks.cfg  eicar.com[root@liumiaocn ~]# pwd/root
  
  
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重新扫描

重新扫描看是否能够检测出新下载的病毒测试文件。进过测试,发现结果中提示“/root/eicar.com: Eicar-Test-Signature FOUND”,同时“Infected files: 1”,说明此病毒文件被检测出来了

[root@liumiaocn ~]# clamscan /rootLibClamAV Warning: **************************************************LibClamAV Warning: ***  The virus database is older than 7 days!  ***LibClamAV Warning: ***   Please update it as soon as possible.    ***LibClamAV Warning: **************************************************/root/.bash_logout: OK/root/.bash_profile: OK/root/.bashrc: OK/root/.cshrc: OK/root/.tcshrc: OK/root/anaconda-ks.cfg: OK/root/.bash_history: OK/root/eicar.com: Eicar-Test-Signature FOUND----------- SCAN SUMMARY -----------Known viruses: 4490129Engine version: 0.99.2Scanned directories: 1Scanned files: 8Infected files: 1Data scanned: 0.00 MBData read: 0.00 MB (ratio 0.00:1)Time: 21.129 sec (0 m 21 s)[root@liumiaocn ~]# 
  
  
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但是缺省的方式下,clamscan只会检测不会自动删除文件

[root@liumiaocn ~]# lsanaconda-ks.cfg  eicar.com[root@liumiaocn ~]# 
  
  
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扫描并删除感染文件

使用–remove选项,会直接删除检测出来的文件。

[root@liumiaocn ~]# clamscan --remove /rootLibClamAV Warning: **************************************************LibClamAV Warning: ***  The virus database is older than 7 days!  ***LibClamAV Warning: ***   Please update it as soon as possible.    ***LibClamAV Warning: **************************************************/root/.bash_logout: OK/root/.bash_profile: OK/root/.bashrc: OK/root/.cshrc: OK/root/.tcshrc: OK/root/anaconda-ks.cfg: OK/root/.bash_history: OK/root/eicar.com: Eicar-Test-Signature FOUND/root/eicar.com: Removed.----------- SCAN SUMMARY -----------Known viruses: 4490129Engine version: 0.99.2Scanned directories: 1Scanned files: 8Infected files: 1Data scanned: 0.00 MBData read: 0.00 MB (ratio 0.00:1)Time: 23.546 sec (0 m 23 s)[root@liumiaocn ~]# lsanaconda-ks.cfg[root@liumiaocn ~]#
  
  
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源码安装方式

目前使用yum源安装病毒库的更新相关的仍需手动操作,所以可以考虑使用源码安装方式。

下载源码

       
项目详细
下载命令wget http://www.clamav.net/downloads/production/clamav-0.99.2.tar.gz

解压

           
项目详细
解压命令tar xvpf clamav-0.99.2.tar.gz
变更目录cd clamav-0.99.2

编译前依赖

               
项目详细
安装gccyum install gcc -y
安装opensslyum install openssl openssl-devel  -y
创建目录mkdir -p /usr/local/clamav

config & make & make install

               
项目详细
config./configure –prefix=/usr/local/clamav
makemake
make installmake install

安装后确认

[root@liumiaocn clamav-0.99.2]# ls /usr/local/clamav/binclamav-config  clambc  clamconf  clamdscan  clamscan  freshclam  sigtool[root@liumiaocn clamav-0.99.2]# /usr/local/clamav/bin/clamscan --versionClamAV 0.99.2[root@liumiaocn clamav-0.99.2]# 
  
  
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注意:此时如果执行clamscan进行扫描,会提示如下问题。

[root@liumiaocn clamav-0.99.2]# /usr/local/clamav/bin/clamscan /rootLibClamAV Error: cl_load(): No such file or directory: /usr/local/clamav/share/clamavERROR: Can't get file status----------- SCAN SUMMARY -----------Known viruses: 0Engine version: 0.99.2Scanned directories: 0Scanned files: 0Infected files: 0Data scanned: 0.00 MBData read: 0.00 MB (ratio 0.00:1)Time: 0.002 sec (0 m 0 s)[root@liumiaocn clamav-0.99.2]# 
  
  
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查看源码之后发现其实很简单,此时需要有可用的病毒库文件,同时用户和组的权限也需要设定。整体的顺序按照:

                       
项目详细
Step 1创建用户和组
Step 2创建目录并设定权限
Step 3拷贝和更新设定文件
Step 4更新病毒库
Step 5扫描病毒

设定

Step 1: 创建用户和组

           
项目详细
创建groupgroupadd clamav
创建用户useradd -g clamav clamav

Step 2: 创建目录并设定权限

创建目录

               
目录详细
logs存放日志信息
database存放更新病毒库信息
worktmp存放pid等临时文件或状态文件信息
[root@liumiaocn clamav]# pwd/usr/local/clamav[root@liumiaocn clamav]# lsbin  etc  include  lib64  sbin  share[root@liumiaocn clamav]# mkdir -p logs database worktmp[root@liumiaocn clamav]#
  
  
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设定权限

[root@liumiaocn clamav]# pwd/usr/local/clamav[root@liumiaocn clamav]# chown clamav:clamav database[root@liumiaocn clamav]#
  
  
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Step 3: 拷贝和更新设定文件

拷贝生成设定文件

                 
目录源文件目标文件
/usr/local/clamav/etcclamd.conf.sampleclamd.conf
/usr/local/clamav/etcfreshclam.conf.samplefreshclam.conf
[root@liumiaocn etc]# pwd/usr/local/clamav/etc[root@liumiaocn etc]# cp clamd.conf.sample clamd.conf[root@liumiaocn etc]# cp freshclam.conf.sample freshclam.conf[root@liumiaocn etc]# lsclamd.conf  clamd.conf.sample  freshclam.conf  freshclam.conf.sample[root@liumiaocn etc]# 
  
  
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生成病毒库更新日志文件

[root@liumiaocn etc]# touch /usr/local/clamav/logs/freshclam.log[root@liumiaocn etc]# chown clamav:clamav /usr/local/clamav/logs/freshclam.log[root@liumiaocn etc]#
  
  
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修改文件

[root@liumiaocn etc]# lsclamd.conf  clamd.conf.sample  freshclam.conf  freshclam.conf.sample[root@liumiaocn etc]# vi clamd.conf[root@liumiaocn etc]# vi freshclam.conf[root@liumiaocn etc]# diff clamd.conf  clamd.conf.sample14c14< LogFile /usr/local/clamav/logs/clamd.log---> #LogFile /tmp/clamd.log66c66< PidFile /var/clamav/worktmp/clamd.pid---> #PidFile /var/run/clamd.pid74c74< DatabaseDirectory /var/lib/clamav/database---> #DatabaseDirectory /var/lib/clamav[root@liumiaocn etc]# [root@liumiaocn etc]# diff freshclam.conf freshclam.conf.sample 8c8< #Example---> Example13c13< DatabaseDirectory /usr/local/clamav/database/---> #DatabaseDirectory /var/lib/clamav17c17< UpdateLogFile /usr/local/clamav/logs/freshclam.log---> #UpdateLogFile /var/log/freshclam.log51c51< PidFile /usr/local/clamav/worktmp/freshclam.pid---> #PidFile /var/run/freshclam.pid[root@liumiaocn etc]# 
  
  
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其实本次示例中只需保证freshclam.conf文件正确设定即可保证ClamAV正常动作。

更新病毒库

在设定freshclam.conf之后,使用freshclam命令即可联网更新病毒库至database目录了, 首次更新稍微会花一点时间。

[root@liumiaocn etc]# /usr/local/clamav/bin/freshclam ClamAV update process started at Fri Aug  4 22:39:40 2017Trying host database.clamav.net (69.12.162.28)...Downloading main.cvd [100%]main.cvd updated (version: 58, sigs: 4566249, f-level: 60, builder: sigmgr)Downloading daily.cvd [100%]daily.cvd updated (version: 23629, sigs: 1741893, f-level: 63, builder: neo)Downloading bytecode.cvd [100%]bytecode.cvd updated (version: 308, sigs: 66, f-level: 63, builder: anvilleg)Database updated (6308208 signatures) from database.clamav.net (IP: 69.12.162.28)[root@liumiaocn etc]# 
  
  
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更新之后

[root@liumiaocn clamav]# pwd/usr/local/clamav[root@liumiaocn clamav]# ls database/bytecode.cvd  daily.cvd  main.cvd  mirrors.dat[root@liumiaocn clamav]# 
  
  
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扫描病毒

下载病毒测试文件

[root@liumiaocn ~]# lsanaconda-ks.cfg[root@liumiaocn ~]# wget http://www.eicar.org/download/eicar.com--2017-08-04 23:00:41--  http://www.eicar.org/download/eicar.comResolving www.eicar.org (www.eicar.org)... 213.211.198.62Connecting to www.eicar.org (www.eicar.org)|213.211.198.62|:80... connected.HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OKLength: 68 [application/octet-stream]Saving to: ‘eicar.com100%[===============================================================================================================================>] 68          --.-K/s   in 0.0012017-08-04 23:00:43 (92.3 KB/s) - ‘eicar.com’ saved [68/68][root@liumiaocn ~]# lsanaconda-ks.cfg  eicar.com[root@liumiaocn ~]# 
  
  
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扫描并删除感染文件

[root@liumiaocn ~]# /usr/local/clamav/bin/clamscan --remove /root/root/.bash_logout: OK/root/.bash_profile: OK/root/.bashrc: OK/root/.cshrc: OK/root/.tcshrc: OK/root/anaconda-ks.cfg: OK/root/.bash_history: OK/root/eicar.com: Eicar-Test-Signature FOUND/root/eicar.com: Removed.----------- SCAN SUMMARY -----------Known viruses: 6302548Engine version: 0.99.2Scanned directories: 1Scanned files: 8Infected files: 1Data scanned: 0.01 MBData read: 0.00 MB (ratio 2.00:1)Time: 22.310 sec (0 m 22 s)[root@liumiaocn ~]# lsanaconda-ks.cfg[root@liumiaocn ~]# 
  
  
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总结

ClamAV提供和方便的命令行方式进行集成,保持更新的病毒库,给开源的安全方案提供了一种选择。

           

给我老师的人工智能教程打call!http://blog.csdn.net/jiangjunshow
这里写图片描述
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