忙了半天编程,其实对整个Android的架构还不了解,还是回去细细的看看SDK中的文档吧。 学习SDK文档的步骤大概是这样 因为看了看Android Blog, 在最新的文章里面介绍了几篇文章,其中一篇是<<以开发者的眼光来看Android SDK>>,作者在其中分析了的关于DOC的阅读顺序引起了我的兴趣,确实,那么多的文档,应该怎么看呢?哪些是必须先弄明白的?哪些应该先知道个大概,今后引用的时候再细细阅读?现在简要的介绍一下原作者的观点,希望能帮上你的忙。
1. 首先当然是要知道,什么是Android?
我就先把第一步帮大家翻译过来吧 什么是Android ? (What is Android) Android是一个手机设备软件栈,包含了一个操作系统、中间件和关键的应用程序,早期版本的Android SDK提供了必要的工具和API来帮助开发Android应用程序通过Java语言。( Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. This early look at the Android SDK provides the tools and APIs necessary to begin developing applications on the Android platform using the Java programming language.) 特性(Features) 可重用和可替换组件的程序应用框架(Application framework enabling reuse and replacement of components) Android构架(Android Architecture) 下面的图表显示了主要的Android操作系统组件,每部分的详细描述在下方有详细的介绍(The following diagram shows the major components of the Android operating system. Each section is described in more detail below.) 应用程序(Applications) Android将启用一套核心应用程序包含Email电子邮件客户端、SMS短信程序、日历、电子地图、网页浏览器、联系人和其他相关常规程序,所有的程序写于Java语言(Android will ship with a set of core applications including an email client, SMS program, calendar, maps, browser, contacts, and others. All applications are written using the Java programming language.) 程序框架(Application Framework) 开发者可以完全访问统一API框架通过核心程序,这个程序框架设计可以很简单实现组件复用;任何程序都可以提供他自己的功能到其他程序可以利用这些功能(所执行的组件手框架安全性限制前提下) ,同样允许组件被用户替换,Android开发网 友情提示OpenIntents项目就是一个典型的例子,通过androidmanifest.xml文件。(Developers have full access to the same framework APIs used by the core applications. The application architecture is designed to simplify the reuse of components; any application can publish its capabilities and any other application may then make use of those capabilities (subject to security constraints enforced by the framework). This same mechanism allows components to be replaced by the user.) 下面所有的应用程序是一套完整的系统和服务(Underlying all applications is a set of services and systems, including ) 通过使用丰富而可扩展的Views类来构造程序的用户界面,包含lists列表框、 grids表格、 text boxes文本框、 buttons按钮和浏览器嵌入控件(A rich and extensible set of Views that can be used to build an application, including lists, grids, text boxes, buttons, and even an embeddable web browser) 内容提供允许你的程序访问数据从其他的程序如联系人或分享你自己的数据(Content Providers that enable applications to access data from other applications (such as Contacts), or to share their own data) 资源管理器提供了无需代码访问资源技术,如本地化的字符串、图片以及布局文件等.(A Resource Manager, providing access to non-code resources such as localized strings, graphics, and layout files) 提醒管理器允许所有的应用程序显示自定义的闹铃提醒在状态条上(A Notification Manager that enables all applications to display custom alerts in the status bar) 窗口活动管理器可以管理消息生命周期和常规的导航恢复栈,Android开放网提醒如Intent(An Activity Manager that manages the life cycle of applications and provides a common navigation backstack) 类库(Libraries) Android包含了一套C/C++库被用于多种组件,这些功能以Dalvik API接口形式提供给开发者通过Android程序框架,下面列出了核心类库(Android includes a set of C/C++ libraries used by various components of the Android system. These capabilities are exposed to developers through the Android application framework. Some of the core libraries are listed below:) 系统C语言库 一个由BSD实现的标准C语言系统库,移植到Linux嵌入式设备上(System C library - a BSD-derived implementation of the standard C system library (libc), tuned for embedded Linux-based devices) Android运行时库(Android Runtime) Android包含了一整套核心组件库提供了大多数的功能并以Java编程语言接口开放(Android includes a set of core libraries that provides most of the functionality available in the core libraries of the Java programming language.) 每个Android程序运行在自己的进程上,同时有它们自己的实例在Dalvik虚拟机上,Dalvik虚拟机可以运行,Dalvik虚拟机执行文件Dalvik Executable .dex格式提供了内存优化.(Every Android application runs in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik virtual machine. Dalvik has been written so that a device can run multiple VMs efficiently. The Dalvik VM executes files in the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format which is optimized for minimal memory footprint. The VM is register-based, and runs classes compiled by a Java language compiler that have been transformed into the .dex format by the included "dx" tool.) Dalvik虚拟机依赖底层Linux内核函数如现成了底层内存管理(The Dalvik VM relies on the Linux kernel for underlying functionality such as threading and low-level memory management.) Linux内核(Linux Kernel) Android依靠Linux 2.6核心系统服务,如安全、内存管理、进程管理、网络栈和驱动模型,内核也可以做抽象层在软件栈和硬件之间(Android relies on Linux version 2.6 for core system services such as security, memory management, process management, network stack, and driver model. The kernel also acts as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the rest of the software stack) |
如何学习Android
最新推荐文章于 2023-10-17 14:46:49 发布