C++primer17章答案（第五版）

C++primer17章答案（第五版）

17.1
17.2

#include <iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<tuple>
int main()
{
	std::tuple<int, int, int> t1{ 10,20,30 };
	std::tuple<std::string, std::vector<std::string>, std::pair<std::string, int>>t2{ "hello",{"1","2","3"},{"string",1} };
}

17.3
原版程序设计更加正式，方便重构。而使用tuple更快捷，方便调试。
17.4

typedef tuple<vector<Sales_data>::size_type, vector<Sales_data>::const_iterator, vector<Sales_data>::const_iterator> matches;
vector<matches>  findBook(const vector<vector<Sales_data>>& files, const string& s)
{
	vector<matches>ret;
	for (auto it=files.cbegin();it!=files.cend();++it)
	{
		auto found = equal_range(it->cbegin(), it->cend(), s,compareIsbn);
		if (found.first != found.second)
			ret.push_back({ it - files.cbegin(),found.first,found.second });
	}
	return ret;
}

17.5

typedef pair<vector<Sales_data>::size_type, pair< vector<Sales_data>::const_iterator, vector<Sales_data>::const_iterator>> matches_pair;
vector<matches_pair>  findBook_pair(const vector<vector<Sales_data>>& files, const string& s)
{
	vector<matches_pair>ret;
	for (auto it = files.cbegin(); it != files.cend(); ++it)
	{
		auto found = equal_range(it->cbegin(), it->cend(),s,compareIsbn);
		if (found.first != found.second)
			ret.push_back(make_pair( it - files.cbegin(),make_pair(found.first,found.second)) );
	}
	return ret;
}

17.6

struct matches_struct
{
	matches_struct(vector<Sales_data>::size_type s, vector<Sales_data>::const_iterator b, vector<Sales_data>::const_iterator e)
		:sz(s), beg(b), end(e) {}
	vector<Sales_data>::size_type sz;
	vector<Sales_data>::const_iterator beg;
	vector<Sales_data>::const_iterator end;
};
vector<matches_struct>  findBook_struct(const vector<vector<Sales_data>>& files, const string& s)
{
	vector<matches_struct>ret;
	for (auto it = files.cbegin(); it != files.cend(); ++it)
	{
		auto found = equal_range(it->cbegin(), it->cend(), s, compareIsbn);
		if (found.first != found.second)
			ret.push_back(matches_struct(it - files.cbegin(),found.first,found.second));
	}
	return ret;
}

17.7
tuple版本更好，更加灵活。
17.8
将会默认初始化一个对象
17.9

• 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000
• 00000000000011110110100110110101
• 取决于你输入的字符串

17.10

#include <iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<bitset>
int main()
{
	std::vector<int>ivec{ 1,2,3,5,8,13,21 };
	std::bitset<32>bits1;
	for (auto i : ivec)
		bits1.set(i);
	std::bitset<32>bits2;
	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 32; i++)
	{
		bits2[i] = bits1[i];
	}
}

17.11
17.12
17.13

#include <iostream>
#include<bitset>
template<unsigned N>
struct Quiz
{
    template<std::size_t M>
    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os,const Quiz<M>&);
    Quiz() = default;
    Quiz(const std::string& s) :bitquiz(s) {}
    void update(std::pair<unsigned, bool>);
    int grade(const Quiz& correct);
private:
    std::bitset<N>bitquiz;
};
template<unsigned N>
void Quiz<N>::update(std::pair<unsigned, bool>p)
{
    bitquiz.set(p.first, p.second);
}
template<unsigned N>
int Quiz<N>::grade(const Quiz& correct)
{
   auto grade = bitquiz ^ correct.bitquiz;
   grade.flip();
   return grade.count();
}
template<std::size_t M>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Quiz<M>&q)
{
    os << q.bitquiz << std::endl;
    return os;
}
int main()
{
    std::string s1("1111100000");
    Quiz<10> q1(s1);
    q1.update({ 0, 1 });
    std::cout << q1 << std::endl;
    std::cout << q1.grade(Quiz<10>(std::string("1111100001"))) << std::endl;
}

17.14

 try {
        regex r("[[:alnum:]+\\.(cpp|cxx|cc)$", regex::icase);
    }
    catch (regex_error e)
    {
        cout << e.what() << " code: " << e.code() << endl;
    }
    try
    {
        regex r1("[[:anum:]]+\\.(cpp|cxx|cc)$", regex::icase);
    }
    catch (std::regex_error e)
    {
        cout << e.what() << "code: " << e.code() << endl;
    }
  

17.15

  regex r("[[:alpha:]]*[^c]ei[[:alpha:]]*", regex::icase);
    string s;
    cout << "Please input a word! Input 'q' to quit!" << endl;
    std::smatch results;
    while (cin >> s && s != "q")
    {
        if (std::regex_match(s,results, r))
            cout << "Input word " << results.str() << " is error!" << endl;
        else
            cout << "Input word " << s << " is okay!" << endl;

        cout << "Please input a word! Input 'q' to quit!" << endl;
    }

17.16
只有[^c]ei初始化，只能匹配到字符串长度为3的非c开头的字符串ei
17.17
17.18

#include <iostream>
#include<regex>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    regex pattern("[[:alpha:]]*[^c]ei[[:alpha:]]*",regex::icase);
    string s;
    cout << "Please input a sequence of words:" << endl;
    getline(cin, s);
    cout << endl;
    vector<string>svec{ "albeit","neighbor" };
    for (sregex_iterator it(s.cbegin(), s.cend(), pattern), end_it; it != end_it; it++)
    {
        if (find(svec.cbegin(), svec.cend(), it->str()) != svec.end())
            continue;
        cout << it->str() << " ";
    }
}

17.19
因为空字符串也可以比较
17.20

#include <iostream>
#include <regex>
using namespace std;
bool vaild(const smatch& m)
{
    if (m[1].matched)
        return m[3].matched && (m[4].matched == false || m[4].str() == " ");
    else
        return !m[3].matched && m[4].str() == m[6].str();
}
int main()
{
    string phone = "(\\()?(\\d{3})(\\))?([-. ])?(\\d{3})([-. ])?(\\d{4})";
    regex r(phone);
    string s;
    smatch m;
    while (getline(cin, s))
    {
        for (sregex_iterator it(s.cbegin(), s.cend(), r), end_it; it != end_it; it++)
        {
            if (vaild(*it))
                cout << "Valid: " << it->str() << endl;
            else
                cout << "Not vaild: " << it->str() << endl;
        }
    }
}

17.21

#include <iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include <regex>
#include<vector>
#include<sstream>
using namespace std;
struct PersonInfo
{
    string name;
    vector<string>phones;
};
bool read_record(istream& is, vector<PersonInfo>& people)
{
    if (is)
    {
        string line, phone;
        while (getline(is, line))
        {
            PersonInfo info;
            istringstream record(line);
            record >> info.name;
            while (record >> phone)
            {
                info.phones.push_back(phone);
            }
            people.push_back(info);
        }
        return true;
    }
    else
        return false;
}
bool valid(const smatch& m)
{
    if (m[1].matched)
        return m[3].matched && (m[4].matched == false || m[4].str() == " ");
    else
        return !m[3].matched && m[4].str() == m[6].str();
}
int main()
{
    string phone = "(\\()?(\\d{3})(\\))?([-. ])?(\\d{3})([-. ])?(\\d{4})";
    regex r(phone);
    vector<PersonInfo>people;
    ifstream ifs("C:\\Users\\Kaji\\Desktop\\PeopleInfo.txt");
    if (read_record(ifs, people))//读取文件中的信息，传入到vector中
    {
        smatch result;
        for (auto person : people)//两层循环，对每个人的所有电话号码甄别，并分别输出错误与正确的电话号码
        {
            ostringstream formatted, badNums;
            for (auto it=person.phones.begin();it!=person.phones.end();it++)
            {
                if (regex_match(*it, result, r) && valid(result))
                    formatted << *it << " ";
                else
                    badNums << *it << " ";
            }
            if (!formatted.str().empty())
                cout << person.name << " " << formatted.str() << endl;
            if (!badNums.str().empty())
                cout << person.name << " invalid number(s) " << badNums.str() << endl;
        }
    }
}

17.22

“(\()?(\d{3})(\))?([[:blank:]])?(\d{3})([[:blank:]])?(\d{4})”

17.23

#include <iostream>
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::string;
#include <regex>
using std::regex;
using std::smatch;
using std::sregex_iterator;
bool valid(const std::smatch& m)
{
    if (m[2].matched && !m[3].matched)
        return false;
    else
        return true;
}
int main()
{
    string code = "(\\d{5})([-])?(\\d{4})?";
    regex r(code);
    string line;
    smatch m;
    while (cin>>line)
    {
        if(std::regex_search(line,m,r))
        {
            if (valid(m))
                cout << "Valid postal code: " << m.str() << endl;
            else
                cout << "Invalid postal code: " << m.str() << endl;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

17.24

#include <iostream>
#include <regex>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    string pattern = "(\\()?(\\d{3})(\\))?([-. ])?(\\d{3})([-. ])?(\\d{4})";
    string format = "$2.$5.$7";
    regex r(pattern);
    string s;
    while (getline(cin, s))
    {
        cout << regex_replace(s, r, format) << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

17.25

#include <iostream>
#include <regex>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    string pattern = "(\\()?(\\d{3})(\\))?([-. ])?(\\d{3})([-. ])?(\\d{4})";
    string fmt = "$2.$5.$7.";
    regex r(pattern);
    string s;
    while (getline(cin, s))
    {
        smatch result;
        regex_search(s, result, r);
        if (!result.empty())
        {
            cout  << result.format(fmt) << endl;
        }
        else
        {
            cout << "No match" << endl;
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

17.26

#include <iostream>
#include <regex>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    string pattern = "(\\()?(\\d{3})(\\))?([-. ])?(\\d{3})([-. ])?(\\d{4})";
    string fmt = "$2.$5.$7.";
    regex r(pattern);
    string s;
    smatch result;
    while (getline(cin, s))
    {  
        sregex_iterator test(s.cbegin(), s.cend(),r),end_it;
        if (test == end_it)
        {
            cout << "No match" << endl;
        }
        else if (++test != end_it)
        {
            sregex_iterator it(s.cbegin(), s.cend(), r);
            it++;
            for (; it != end_it; it++)
            {
                cout << it->format(fmt) << " ";
            }
        }
        else
        {
            for (sregex_iterator it(s.cbegin(), s.cend(), r); it != end_it; it++)
            {
                cout << it->format(fmt) << " ";
            }
        }
        cout << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

17.27

#include <iostream>
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::string;
#include <regex>
using std::regex;
using std::smatch;
using std::sregex_iterator;
bool valid(const smatch& m)
{
    if (m[2].matched && !m[3].matched)
        return false;
    else
        return true;
}
int main()
{
    string code = "(\\d{5})([-. ])?(\\d{4})?";
    regex r(code);
    string line;
    smatch m;
    string fmt = "$1-$3";
    while (cin>>line)
    {
        if (std::regex_search(line, m, r))
        {
            if (valid(m)&& m[3].matched)           
                cout << "Valid postal code: " << m.format(fmt) << endl;
            else if(valid(m))
                cout << "Valid postal code: " << m.str()<< endl;
            else
                cout << "Invalid postal code: " << m.str() << endl;
        }
        else
            cout << "NO match " << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

17.31
每次循环都会产生同样的值
17.32
未定义的标识符
17.33
来源

include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

#include <fstream>
using std::ifstream;

#include <string>
using std::string;

#include <vector>
using std::vector;

#include <random>
using std::default_random_engine;
using std::uniform_int_distribution;

#include <ctime>
using std::time;

#include <algorithm>
using std::sort;
using std::find_if;

#include <utility>
using std::pair;


int main() {
	typedef pair<string, string> ps;
	ifstream i("d.txt");
	vector<ps> dict;
	string str1, str2;
	// read wirds from dictionary
	while (i >> str1 >> str2) {
		dict.emplace_back(str1, str2);
	}
	i.close();
	// sort words in vector
	sort(dict.begin(), dict.end(), [](const ps &_ps1, const ps &_ps2){ return _ps1.first < _ps2.first; });
	i.open("i.txt");
	default_random_engine e(unsigned int(time(0)));
	// read words from text
	while (i >> str1) {
	  // find word in dictionary
		vector<ps>::const_iterator it = find_if(dict.cbegin(), dict.cend(),
		  [&str1](const ps &_ps){ return _ps.first == str1; });
		// if word doesn't exist in dictionary
		if (it == dict.cend()) {
		  // write it itself
			cout << str1 << ' ';
		}
		else {
		  // get random meaning of word 
			uniform_int_distribution<unsigned> u (0, find_if(dict.cbegin(), dict.cend(),
			 [&str1](const ps &_ps){ return _ps.first > str1; }) - it - 1);
			// write random meaning
			cout << (it + u(e))->second << ' ';
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

17.34
略
17.35

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	cout <<uppercase<< "defalut format: "<<hexfloat << 100 * sqrt(2.0) << endl;
	cout << "scientific: : "  << scientific << 100 * sqrt(2.0) << endl;
}

17.36

int main()
{
	cout <<"default format: " << 100 * sqrt(2.0) << '\n'
		<< "scientific: " << scientific << 100 * sqrt(2.0) << '\n'
		<< "fixed decimal: " << fixed << 100 * sqrt(2.0) << '\n'
		<< "hexidecimal: " << uppercase << hexfloat << 100 * sqrt(2.0) << '\n'
		<< "use defaults: " << defaultfloat << 100 * sqrt(2.0)
		<< "\n\n";
}

17.37

int main()
{
	cout <<left<<setw(15) << "default format:" <<setw(25)<< right<< 100 * sqrt(2.0) << '\n'
	<< left << setw(15) << "scientific:" << scientific << setw(25) << right << 100 * sqrt(2.0) << '\n'
	<< left << setw(15) << "fixed decimal:" << setw(25) << fixed << right << 100 * sqrt(2.0) << '\n'
	<< left << setw(15) << "hexidecimal:" << setw(25) << uppercase << hexfloat << right << 100 * sqrt(2.0) << '\n'
	<< left << setw(15) << "use defaults:" << setw(25) << defaultfloat << right << 100 * sqrt(2.0)
	<< "\n\n";
}

17.37
空行不影响输入，长度超过字符数组大小的行会损坏堆栈

#include <iostream>
#include<fstream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    char a[40];
    ifstream ifs("C:\\Users\\Kaji\\Desktop\\test.txt");
    while (ifs)
    {
        ifs.getline(a, 40);
        cout << a << endl;
    }
}

17.38

#include <iostream>
#include<fstream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    char a[40];
    ifstream ifs("C:\\Users\\Kaji\\Desktop\\test.txt");
    while (ifs)
    {
        ifs.getline(a, 40);
        int size = ifs.gcount();
        cout.write(a, size);
        cout << endl;
    }
}

17.39

#include <iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	fstream file("C:\\Users\\Kaji\\Desktop\\test.txt", fstream::in | fstream::out | fstream::ate);
	auto end_mark = file.tellg();
	file.seekg(0,fstream::beg);
	string line;
	size_t size = 0;
	while (file && file.tellg() != end_mark&&getline(file,line))
	{	
		size += line.size()+1;
		auto mark = file.tellg();
		file.seekg(0,fstream::end);
		file << size;
		if (mark != end_mark)
			file << " ";
		file.seekg(mark);
	}
	file.seekg(0,fstream::end);
	file << '\n';
	file.seekg(0,fstream::beg);
	while (getline(file, line))
	{
		cout << line << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}