简介
kafka可以使用java等编程语言实现topic以及消费消息，生产消息的操作，同样命令行也可以实现这些操作。
Kafka的topic的增删改查
对于kafka的topic操作，我们需要用到的是bin/kafka-topics.sh这个脚本文件。
root@master:/opt/module/kafka_2.11-0.11.0.2# pwd
/opt/module/kafka_2.11-0.11.0.2
-
查看当前服务器中所有的topic
bin/kafka-topics.sh --list --zookeeper master:2181 __consumer_offsets只有一个topic，kafka的集群信息依赖于zookeeper，所以我们需要使用
--zookeeper连接zookeeper获取列表 -
创建topic主题
bin/kafka-topics.sh --create --zookeeper master:2181 --replication-factor 1 --partitions 1 --topic test Created topic "test".选项说明：
--replication-factor 3定义副本数，副本数不能超过当前broker数，我这里有三个broker，所以最大可以填写3
--partitions 2定义分区数，分区数无限制数量大小
--topic test定义主题名称
-
删除topic
bin/kafka-topics.sh --delete --zookeeper master:2181 --topic test5删除topic需要注意，我们要确保
server.properties中的delete.topic.enable=true为true才可以，不然只是把这个topic标记为删除，但是却还是存在的，如果创建同名的topoic，就会提示该topic已存在。 -
topic的详情查看
bin/kafka-topics.sh --describe --zookeeper master:2181 --topic test5描述该主题的详细信息：
输出解释：第一行是所有分区的摘要，其次，每一行提供一个分区信息。- “leader”：该节点负责该分区的所有的读和写，每个节点的leader都是随机选择的。
- “replicas”：备份的节点列表，无论该节点是否是leader或者目前是否还活着，只是显示。
- “isr”：“同步备份”的节点列表，也就是活着的节点并且正在同步leader。
这里的0,1,2 都是broker.id，我这里是启动了三个kafka线程。
图中replicas（副本）就是Leader的节点
Kafka的topic的消息发送和消费
生产消息需要使用kafka-console-producer.sh
消费消息需要使用kafka-console-consumer.sh
生产者生产消息
使用bin/kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list master:9092 --topic test5 可以向topic test5 发送消息
这里的 --broker-list kafka集群 跟的是kafka集群
这里可以看到当出现>时就是你可以输入你的消息了，topic就会接收你的消息
消费者消费消息
消费消息需要使用bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server master:9092 --from-beginning --topic test5
新版本都是使用--bootstrap-server 老版本使用的是--zookeeper都可以用，建议新版本，--from-beginnign 表示从topic的的头开始读取消息
该进程会一直运行，当有新消息进来，这里会直接读取出来消息。
当有Leader节点出现错误时，会在剩余的follower中推举出一个leader，而且这些数据还没有丢失，因为follower是leader的备份节点。
注意：
在老版本中，消费者的offset会存储在zookeeper中，但是在新版本中已经修改为存储在kafka中，下图就是存储在kafka的offset的记录，默认50个分区。
Kafka Connect 导入和导出
kafka Connect可以从其他来源导入或者导出数据到其他系统。对于大多数系统，可以使用kafka Connect，而不需要编写自定义集成代码。
kafka Connect是导入和导出数据的一个工具，是一个扩展的工具，运行连接器，实现与自定义的逻辑的外部系统交互。
实例：
- 创建一些文本消息
root@master:~# cd /home/ root@master:/home# mkdir file root@master:/home# cd file/ root@master:/home/file# echo -e "foo\nyes\nhahah\n6666" > text.txt root@master:/home/file# cat text.txt foo yes hahah 6666 root@master:/home/file# - 开启两个连接器运行在独立模式
独立模式意味着运行一个单一的，本地的，专用的进程。使用的是bin/connect-standalone.sh这个配置文件
执行bin/connect-standalone.sh config/connect-standalone.properties config/connect-file-source.properties config/connect-file-sink.properties
这三个文件作为三个参数，第一个是Kafka Connect处理的配置，包含常见的配置，例如要连接的Kafka broker和数据的序列化格式。其余的配置文件都指定了要创建的连接器。包括连接器唯一名称，和要实例化的连接器类。以及连接器所需要的任何其他配置。
下面是我修改的配置文件，还有一点如果topic没有创建，呢么生产消息的时候，kafka会默认给你创建该topic的
connect-standalone.properties
connect-file-source.properties# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more # contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with # this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. # The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 # (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with # the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. # These are defaults. This file just demonstrates how to override some settings. # ！！！！这里要修改为你自己的主机名 bootstrap.servers=master:9092 # The converters specify the format of data in Kafka and how to translate it into Connect data. Every Connect user will # need to configure these based on the format they want their data in when loaded from or stored into Kafka key.converter=org.apache.kafka.connect.json.JsonConverter value.converter=org.apache.kafka.connect.json.JsonConverter # Converter-specific settings can be passed in by prefixing the Converter's setting with the converter we want to apply # it to key.converter.schemas.enable=true value.converter.schemas.enable=true # The internal converter used for offsets and config data is configurable and must be specified, but most users will # always want to use the built-in default. Offset and config data is never visible outside of Kafka Connect in this format. internal.key.converter=org.apache.kafka.connect.json.JsonConverter internal.value.converter=org.apache.kafka.connect.json.JsonConverter internal.key.converter.schemas.enable=false internal.value.converter.schemas.enable=false offset.storage.file.filename=/tmp/connect.offsets # Flush much faster than normal, which is useful for testing/debugging offset.flush.interval.ms=10000 # Set to a list of filesystem paths separated by commas (,) to enable class loading isolation for plugins # (connectors, converters, transformations). The list should consist of top level directories that include # any combination of: # a) directories immediately containing jars with plugins and their dependencies # b) uber-jars with plugins and their dependencies # c) directories immediately containing the package directory structure of classes of plugins and their dependencies # Note: symlinks will be followed to discover dependencies or plugins. # Examples: # plugin.path=/usr/local/share/java,/usr/local/share/kafka/plugins,/opt/connectors, #plugin.path=
connect-file-sink.properties# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more # contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with # this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. # The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 # (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with # the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. name=local-file-source connector.class=FileStreamSource tasks.max=1 # 指定读取的文件路径 file=/home/file/text.txt # 指定你的topic topic=connect-lzx# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more # contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with # this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. # The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 # (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with # the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. name=local-file-sink connector.class=FileStreamSink tasks.max=1 # 指定消息输出文件路径 file=/home/file/test.sink.txt topics=connect-lzx
执行运行的shell命令，一旦进程开始，导入连接器读取text.txt文件内容写入到connect-lzx主题，导出连接器从主题connect-lzx读取消息写入到文件test.sink.txt，而且可以看到connect-lzx的topic已经创建了
这里也有输出文件了，两个文件是一摸一样的，如果你在text.txt追加内容，输出文件也会从kafka的主题中消费消息。
也可以使用消费者的shell查看内容：
root@master:/opt/module/kafka_2.11-0.11.0.2# bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server master:9092 --topic connect-lzx --from-beginning
{"schema":{"type":"string","optional":false},"payload":"foo"}
{"schema":{"type":"string","optional":false},"payload":"yes"}
{"schema":{"type":"string","optional":false},"payload":"hahah"}
{"schema":{"type":"string","optional":false},"payload":"6666"}
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