Python关于try语句需要注意的几点

try语句属于防御性编程的一种，允许我们捕获异常进行处理，提高程序的健壮性。

在 finally 块中不管你在 except 中是否抛出异常都会执行，如下：

def f():
    try:
        print("try")
        a = 0 /0
    except Exception as e:
        print("except")
        raise e
    finally:
        print("finally")
    return "return"
print(f())

try
except
finally
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/birenjianmo/.vscode/extensions/ms-python.python-2019.3.6558/pythonFiles/ptvsd_launcher.py", line 45, in <module>
    main(ptvsdArgs)
  File "/Users/birenjianmo/.vscode/extensions/ms-python.python-2019.3.6558/pythonFiles/lib/python/ptvsd/__main__.py", line 391, in main
    run()
  File "/Users/birenjianmo/.vscode/extensions/ms-python.python-2019.3.6558/pythonFiles/lib/python/ptvsd/__main__.py", line 272, in run_file
    runpy.run_path(target, run_name='__main__')
  File "/Users/birenjianmo/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/runpy.py", line 263, in run_path
    pkg_name=pkg_name, script_name=fname)
  File "/Users/birenjianmo/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/runpy.py", line 96, in _run_module_code
    mod_name, mod_spec, pkg_name, script_name)
  File "/Users/birenjianmo/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/runpy.py", line 85, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "/Users/birenjianmo/Desktop/learn/pyzbar/test6.py", line 11, in <module>
    print(f())
  File "/Users/birenjianmo/Desktop/learn/pyzbar/test6.py", line 7, in f
    raise e
  File "/Users/birenjianmo/Desktop/learn/pyzbar/test6.py", line 4, in f
    a = 0 /0
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

而如果你在 finally 块中使用 return 关键字，则不会执行 except 中 raise，也就是说不能在 except 抛出异常

def f():
    try:
        print("try")
        a = 0 /0
    except Exception as e:
        print("except")
        raise e
    finally:
        print("finally")
        return "return"
print(f())

try
except
finally
return

 而不管程序没有报错，在 try 或 except 中 return 或 raise 之前会先执行 finally，但是如果 return 或 raise 一个方法时，会先执行右边的方法。

def f():
    try:
        print("try")
        # a = 0 /0
        return "return - try"
    except Exception as e:
        print("except")
        raise e
    finally:
        print("finally")
        return "return"
print(f())

try
finally
return

def _f():
    print("_f")
    return "_f return"

def f():
    try:
        print("try")
        # a = 0 /0
        return _f()
    except Exception as e:
        print("except")
        raise e
    finally:
        print("finally")
        return "return"
print(f())

try
_f
finally
return