自学python（4、更新软件版本）

经过一段时间使用，目前的django相关编程软件更新如下：

python 3.8.0

django 3.0

mysql8.0.18

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

1、django 3.0 用pip的安装没有成功。下载 Django 压缩包，解压并和Python安装目录放在同一个根目录，
     进入 Django 目录，执行python setup.py install，然后开始安装，Django将要被安装到Python的Lib下site-packages。

     bin目录 为 C:\Python38\Lib\site-packages\Django-3.0-py3.8.egg\django\bin   ，多了一层 Django-3.0-py3.8.egg 。

2、建立django项目后，更改 settings.py   内 的     LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'   , 框架变简体中文。

      django2.x  里面是      LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'。

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = False

3、django3.0连接mysql8.0，起初安装了 pymysql，配置项目内 的   __init__.py，

import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

再配置settings.py   内 的数据库连接

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',  # or use: mysql.connector.django
        'NAME': 'octopus',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'Aa123456',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'PORT': 3306,
        'OPTIONS': {
             'autocommit': True,
        },
    }
}

结果，进行admin应用的数据库迁移时，发生版本识别错误

django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have 0.9.3.

原因：在 C:\Python38\Lib\site-packages\Django-3.0-py3.8.egg\django\db\backends\mysql下的  base.py 中 有解释，看浅绿色的提示。

所以，直接为python安装 mysqlclient  ： pip install mysqlclient，最新的版本是 1.4.6

"""
MySQL database backend for Django.

Requires mysqlclient: https://pypi.org/project/mysqlclient/
"""
import re

from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
from django.db import utils
from django.db.backends import utils as backend_utils
from django.db.backends.base.base import BaseDatabaseWrapper
from django.utils.asyncio import async_unsafe
from django.utils.functional import cached_property

try:
    import MySQLdb as Database
except ImportError as err:
    raise ImproperlyConfigured(
        'Error loading MySQLdb module.\n'
        'Did you install mysqlclient?'
    ) from err

from MySQLdb.constants import CLIENT, FIELD_TYPE                # isort:skip
from MySQLdb.converters import conversions                      # isort:skip

# Some of these import MySQLdb, so import them after checking if it's installed.
from .client import DatabaseClient                          # isort:skip
from .creation import DatabaseCreation                      # isort:skip
from .features import DatabaseFeatures                      # isort:skip
from .introspection import DatabaseIntrospection            # isort:skip
from .operations import DatabaseOperations                  # isort:skip
from .schema import DatabaseSchemaEditor                    # isort:skip
from .validation import DatabaseValidation                  # isort:skip

version = Database.version_info
if version < (1, 3, 13):
    raise ImproperlyConfigured('mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have %s.' % Database.__version__)


# MySQLdb returns TIME columns as timedelta -- they are more like timedelta in
# terms of actual behavior as they are signed and include days -- and Django
# expects time.
django_conversions = {
    **conversions,
    **{FIELD_TYPE.TIME: backend_utils.typecast_time},
}

4、连接mysql8.0，需要把 密码设置方式 改为老版的 mysql_native_password，暂时应该是不支持 caching_sha2_password

折腾了小半天，终于环境搞通了，记录一下，以后少走弯路。争取一年内不升级大版本了！