使用PLC的自动化制造系统——2.1.3 PLC的连接

2.1.3 PLC Connections
2.1.3 PLC的连接

 

    When a process is controlled by a PLC it uses inputs from sensors to make decisions and update outputs to drive actuators, as shown in Figure 2.9. The process is a real process that will change over time. Actuators will drive the system to new states (or modes of operation). This means that the controller is limited by the sensors available, if an input is not available, the controller will have no way to detect a condition.

     

      当一个过程被PLC控制时，它使用传感器的输入作出判定并更新输出，以驱动执行器，如图2.9所示。这个过程是一个真正的将随时间改变的过程。执行器将驱动系统到一个新的状态（或运行模式）。这意味着，该控制器是由传感器提供，如果输入有限不可用时，控制器将无法检测条件。

    The control loop is a continuous cycle of the PLC reading inputs, solving the ladder logic, and then changing the outputs. Like any computer this does not happen instantly. Figure 2.10 shows the basic operation cycle of a PLC.
When power is turned on initially the PLC does a quick sanity check to ensure that the hardware is working properly. 
If there is a problem the PLC will halt and indicate there is an error. For example, if the PLC power is dropping and about to go off this will result in one type of fault. If the PLC passes the sanity check it will then scan (read) all the inputs. After the inputs values are stored in memory the ladder logic will be scanned (solved) using the stored values -
not the current values. This is done to prevent logic problems when inputs change during the ladder logic scan. When the ladder logic scan is complete the outputs will be scanned(the output values will be changed). After this the system goes back to do a sanity check, and the loop continues indefinitely. Unlike normal computers, the entire program will be run every scan. Typical times for each of the stages is in the order of milliseconds.
 

     控制回路是PLC读取输入的不断循环，解析梯形图逻辑，然后更改输出。像任何计算机这种改变不会马上发生。图2.10显示了PLC循环的基本操作。当PLC初始上电时，会做个快速完整性检查，以确保硬件是否工作正常。如果有问题，PLC会暂停，并说明有错误。例如，如果PLC的电压下降，可能会失效，这将导致一个故障类型。如果PLC通过的完整性检查，它将扫描（读取）的所有的输入。当输入值存储在内存中，梯形图逻辑将使用存储的值——不是当前值来扫描（解释）。这样做是为了防止在梯形逻辑扫描时输入的变化导致逻辑问题时。当梯形逻辑扫描完成输出将扫描（输出值将被更改）。之后系统将返回再做完整性检查， 并无限的循环继续下去。不同于一般的计算机，整个程序将每次扫描后运行。对每一阶段的典型时间大约是毫秒级。