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模式识别 第四版 Preface This book is the outgrowth of our teaching advanced undergraduate and graduate courses over the past 20 years. These courses have been taught to different audiences, including students in electrical and electronics engineering, computer engineering, computer science, and informatics, as well as to an interdisciplinary audience of a graduate course on automation. This experience led us to make the book as self-contained as possible and to address students with different backgrounds. As prerequisitive knowledge, the reader requires only basic calculus, elementary linear algebra, and some probability theory basics. A number of mathematical tools, such as probability and statistics as well as constrained optimization, needed by various chapters, are treated in fourAppendices. The book is designed to serve as a text for advanced undergraduate and graduate students,and it can be used for either a one- or a two-semester course. Furthermore,it is intended to be used as a self-study and reference book for research and for the practicing scientist/engineer. This latter audience was also our second incentive for writing this book, due to the involvement of our group in a number of projects related to pattern recognition.