ios学习笔记

1. Foundation常用结构体使用

NSRange range = NSMakeRange(7,3);     //非OC对象

//或者 NSRange range = CGRangeMake(7,3);

NSString str = NSStringFromRange(range);

NSLog(@“%@“,str);

类似的结构体还有：NSPoint,NSSize,NSRect

2. Foundation常用类的使用

（1）NSString 

NSString *str = @“A String!”;//常量字符串，不需要管理内存

NSString *str1 = [[NSString alloc] init];//需要管理内存

str1 = @“A String!”;

[str1 release];

NSString *str2 = [[NSString alloc] initWithString: @“A String!”];

[str2 release];

str2 = [NSString stringWithString: @“A String!”];//通过类的静态方法创建的对象，一般不需要自己管理内存

NSString *str3 = [[NSString alloc] initWithUTF8String: @“A String!”];

[str3 release];

str3 = [NSString stringWithUTF8String: @“A String!”];

NSString *str4 = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat: @“My name is %s”,”hellen”];

[str4 release];

str4 = [NSString stringWithFromat:@“My name is %s”,”hellen”];

//NSString 提供静态方法可以读取文本

NSError err;

NSString *str = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile: @“/user/hellen/text.txt” encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&err];

if (err== nil){

NSLog(@“读取文件成功 ：%@“,str);

}else {

NSLog(@“读取文件失败： %@“,err);

}

//读取远程文件 

NSURL url = [NSURL URLWithString: @“http://www.baidu.com” ];

NSError *err;

NSString *str = [NSString stringWithContentsOfURL: url encoding:UTF8StringEncoding error:&err];

//字符串导出

NSString *str  = @“123456”;

[str writeToFile:file atomically: YES encoding:UTF8StringEncoding error:&err];

(2) NSArray ：不可改变的数组，通过静态方法创建的数组，不用做内存管理

//创建一个空数组

NSArray ＊array ＝ ［NSArray array］；

//创建有一个元素的数组

array ＝ ［NSArray arrayWithObject：@“abc”］；

//创建有多个元素的数组

array ＝ ［NSArray arrayWithObjects：@“a”，@“b”，@“c”，nil］；

(3) 

    //测试数组

   NSArray *array = [NSArrayarrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b",@"c",nil];

   if ([arraycontainsObject:@"c"]) {

       NSLog(@"包含");

    }else{

       NSLog(@"不包含");

    }

    //遍历数组

   for (int i=0; i<array.count; i++) {

       NSLog(@"%@",[arrayobjectAtIndex:i]);

    }

   for (id objin array) {

       NSLog(@"%@",obj);

    }

    [array enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:

     ^(id obj,NSUInteger idx,BOOL *stop) {

        NSLog(@"%zi-%@",idx,obj);

    }];

    

   NSEnumerator *enume = [arrayobjectEnumerator];

   id obj =nil;

   while (obj = [enumenextObject]) {

       NSLog(@"%@",obj);

    }

(4)数组排序

#pragma mark 数组排序

void arraySort(){

   NSArray *array = [NSArrayarrayWithObjects:@"3",@"2",@"1",@"4",nil];

   NSArray *array2 = [arraysortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)];

   NSLog(@"%@",array2);

    

}

void arraySort2(){

    Student *stu1 = [StudentstudentWithFirstName:@"Hongbo"lastName:@"Zhou"];

    Student *stu2 = [StudentstudentWithFirstName:@"Mingkun"lastName:@"Huang"];

    Student *stu3 = [StudentstudentWithFirstName:@"Dehua"lastName:@"Hong"];

    Student *stu4 = [StudentstudentWithFirstName:@"Chunqin"lastName:@"Yang"];

   NSArray *array = [NSArrayarrayWithObjects:stu1,stu2,stu3,stu4,nil];

    //指定排序比较方法

   NSArray *array2 = [arraysortedArrayUsingSelector:@selector(compareStudent:)];

   NSLog(@"%@",array2);

}

void arraySort3(){

    Student *stu1 = [StudentstudentWithFirstName:@"Hongbo"lastName:@"Zhou"];

    Student *stu2 = [StudentstudentWithFirstName:@"Mingkun"lastName:@"Huang"];

    Student *stu3 = [StudentstudentWithFirstName:@"Dehua"lastName:@"Hong"];

    Student *stu4 = [StudentstudentWithFirstName:@"Chunqin"lastName:@"Yang"];

   NSArray *array = [NSArrayarrayWithObjects:stu1,stu2,stu3,stu4,nil];

   NSArray *array2= [arraysortedArrayUsingComparator:^NSComparisonResult(Student *obj1,Student *obj2) {

       NSComparisonResult result = [obj1.lastnamecompare:obj2.lastname];

       if (result ==NSOrderedSame) {

            result = [obj1.firstnamecompare:obj2.firstname];

        }

       return result;

    }];

   NSLog(@"%@",array2);

}

void arraySort4() {

    Student *stu1 = [StudentstudentWithFirstName:@"Hongbo"lastName:@"Zhou"];

    Student *stu2 = [StudentstudentWithFirstName:@"Mingkun"lastName:@"Huang"];

    Student *stu3 = [StudentstudentWithFirstName:@"Dehua"lastName:@"Hong"];

    Student *stu4 = [StudentstudentWithFirstName:@"Chunqin"lastName:@"Yang"];

   NSArray *array = [NSArrayarrayWithObjects:stu1,stu2,stu3,stu4,nil];

    //排序描述器来排序

    NSSortDescriptor *lastnameDesc = [NSSortDescriptorsortDescriptorWithKey:@"lastname"ascending:YES];

    NSSortDescriptor *firstnameDesc = [NSSortDescriptorsortDescriptorWithKey:@"firstname"ascending:YES];

   NSArray *desc = [NSArrayarrayWithObjects:lastnameDesc,firstnameDesc,nil];

   NSArray *array2 = [arraysortedArrayUsingDescriptors:desc];

   NSLog(@"%@",array2);

}

4.类的反射

    //类的反射,字符串变成类

    NSString *str = @"People";

    Class class = NSClassFromString(str);

    People *people = [[class alloc] init];

    NSLog(@"%@",people);

    //class变成字符串

    NSString *name = NSStringFromClass([People class]);

    NSLog(@"%@",name);

    //方法的反射,通过字符串点用方法

    NSString *method = @"test";

    SEL selector = NSSelectorFromString(method);

    [people performSelector:selector];

    //方法名变成字符串

    name = NSStringFromSelector(selector);

    NSLog(@"%@",name);