在服务器上搭建了一个Nginx,做个笔记。
没有相关包的可以在官网下载Nginx:http://nginx.org/en/download.html
具体下载那一版,看自己的需求。我下载的稳定版。
接下来,连接到自己的服务器。我这里是阿里云的服务器,所以用x-shell远程连接。
以此键入一下命令,安装相关依赖包。
yum install -y wget
yum install -y vim-enhanced
yum install -y make cmake gcc gcc-c++
yum install -y pcre pcre-devel
yum install -y zlib zlib-devel
yum install -y openssl openssl-devel
操作结果如下:
其他命令的图就不放了,依次执行就好了。
接下来就是将下载到的Nginx包上传到服务器上面。具体怎么上传就不说了。可以参考这边文章:Linux——x-shell上传文件到Linux和下载文件到本地。
要是不确定自己有没有这个工具,那就用下面这句命令验证一下:
#rpm -qa |grep lrzsz
如果有了,那就是下面这样。
欧克,上传了之后就对其进行解压缩。
# tar -zxvf nginx-1.10.2.tar.gz
如下
接下来进行configure配置
[root@xiniu nginx]# cd nginx-1.16.0
[root@xiniu nginx-1.16.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
如下,打印的信息比较多,我就不全贴出来了。
配置完之后,我们就来编译安装。
执行
# make && make install
现在检查nginx是否已经正常启动,在nginx/sbin/nginx目录下,键入 ps -ef | grep nginx,看到如下信息说明正常启动
[root@iz2ze95j380ruhueghgl6gz nginx-1.16.0]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
[root@iz2ze95j380ruhueghgl6gz nginx-1.16.0]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root 1345 1 0 17:48 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
nobody 1346 1345 0 17:48 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 1348 31084 0 17:48 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
欧克。现在基本上就已经完成了Nginx的搭建,我们用服务器IP+端口来测试一下(默认的80端口)来测试一下。
ok,配置成功。
不过这都只是一些基础配置,如果想要去更改Nginx的配置,在nginx目录下进入conf目录,该目录下有个nginx.conf文件,这是nginx最重要的配置文件。
配置文件如下:
#user nobody;
#开启进程数 <=CPU数
worker_processes 1;
#错误日志保存位置
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#进程号保存文件
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
#每个进程最大连接数(最大连接=连接数x进程数)每个worker允许同时产生多少个链接,默认1024
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
#文件扩展名与文件类型映射表
include mime.types;
#默认文件类型
default_type application/octet-stream;
#日志文件输出格式 这个位置相于全局设置
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#请求日志保存位置
#access_log logs/access.log main;
#打开发送文件
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
#连接超时时间
keepalive_timeout 65;
#打开gzip压缩
#gzip on;
server {
#监听端口,默认是80端口
listen 80;
#监听域名
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#nginx访问日志放在logs/host.access.log下,并且使用main格式(还可以自定义格式)
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
#如果没有location更明确的匹配访问路径的话,访问请求都会被该location处理。
location / {
#root指定nginx的根目录为/usr/local/nginx/html
root html;
#默认访问文件,欢迎页先去html目录下找index.html,如果找不到再去找index.htm
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
#错误页面及其返回地址,错误码为500、502、503、504都会返回50.html错误页面。
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
#location后面是"="的话,说明是精确匹配
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
至于如何使用Nginx去映射别的地址,我这里引用一位博主的例子。
测试配置 :当访问www.test.com:7080,实际访问127.0.0.1:8090
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_max_body_size 8m;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 64k;
#sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
# keepalive_timeout 60;
client_header_timeout 10;
client_body_timeout 10;
send_timeout 10;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
#gzip on;
upstream test{
server 127.0.0.1:8080;
}
#访问:www.test.com:7080
server {
listen 7080;
server_name www.test.com;
#映射:127.0.0.1:8090
location / {
proxy_pass http://test;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
}
而负载配置如下(这里对IP进行hash,从而分发到不同的服务器):
upstream oms_server {
ip_hash;
server 172.16.x.x;
server 172.16.x.x;
server 172.16.x.x;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.xxx.com;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
proxy_pass http://oms_server;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;
proxy_connect_timeout 90;
proxy_send_timeout 90;
proxy_read_timeout 90;
proxy_buffer_size 4k;
proxy_buffers 4 32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}