centos7 安装MongoDB 4.2

一、备份数据(数据无价):

1、进入mongodb的bin目录:

[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/mongodb-4.2.5/

2、普通导出,mongodump模式:
格式:
./mongodump -h 【域名/IP地址】 --port 【端口】 -u 【超级管理员账号】 -p 【密码】 -d 【库名】 -o 【指定导出目录】
示例:
./mongodump -h 127.0.0.1 --port 27017 -u root -p 123456 -d admin -o /opt/备份目录/mongodb/2020-08-29

3、阿里云RDS导出,mongodump模式备份(带admin认证):
格式:
./mongodump -h 【域名/IP地址】 --port 【端口号】 -u 【超级管理员账号】 -p 【密码】 --authenticationDatabase 【admin认证】 -d 【库名】 -o 【指定导出目录】
示例:
./mongodump -h 127.0.0.1 --port 3717 -u root -p 123456 --authenticationDatabase admin -d addressbook -o /opt/备份目录/mongodb/2020-08-29

3、导出json格式(导出单表):
格式:
./mongoexport -h 【域名/IP地址】 --port 【端口号】 -d 【库名】 -c 【表名】 -o 【指定导出目录】
示例:
./mongoexport -h 127.0.0.1 --port 27017 -d mall -c t_product -o /opt/备份目录/mongodb/2020-08-29/mall/t_product.json

4、mongodump模式,还原:
格式:
./mongorestore -h 【域名/IP地址】 --port 【端口号】 -u 【超级管理员账号】 -p 【密码】 -d 【库名】 --dir 【指定导出的数据库文件所在目录】
示例:
./mongorestore -h 127.0.0.1 --port 27017 -u root -p 123456 -d mall --dir /opt/备份目录/mongodb/2020-08-29/mall

5、json格式,还原:
格式:
./mongoimport -h 【域名/IP地址】 --port【端口号】 -u root -p qwrrttgdjlkj12135WFg --db 【库名】 --collection 【表名】 --file 【单个文件具体路径】
示例:
./mongoimport -h 127.0.0.1 --port 27017 -u root -p 123456 --db mall --collection o_areas --file /opt/备份目录/mongodb/2020-08-29/mall/t_product.json

二、下载&安装:

1、配置下载源:

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# touch mongodb-org-4.2.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vi mongodb-org-4.2.repo

2、配置下载源:

[mongodb-org-4.2]
name=MongoDB Repository
baseurl=https://repo.mongodb.org/yum/redhat/$releasever/mongodb-org/4.2/x86_64/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-4.2.asc

备注:

  • gpgcheck 这里可以修改 gpgcheck=0, 省去gpg验证
  • baseurl 下载的url(这里可以指定版本,如:mongodb-org/4.5/x86_64/)
  • gpgkey 下载的url(这里可以指定版本,如:server-4.5.asc)

安装之前先更新所有包 :yum update (可选操作)
然后安装: yum install -y mongodb-org

3、开始下载源:

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y mongodb-org

4、安装过程:

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y mongodb-org
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
 * base: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
 * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.cn99.com
base                                                                                                                         | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                                                                       | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
ngodb-org-4.2                                                                                                                | 2.5 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                                                                      | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
(1/5): base/7/x86_64/group_gz                                                                                                | 165 kB  00:00:00     
(2/5): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                            | 165 kB  00:00:00     
(3/5): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                           | 7.6 MB  00:00:01     
(4/5): ngodb-org-4.2/7/primary_db                                                                                            |  26 kB  00:00:02     
(5/5): base/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                              | 6.0 MB  00:00:07     
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mongodb-org.x86_64 0:4.2.5-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mongodb-org-tools = 4.2.5 for package: mongodb-org-4.2.5-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mongodb-org-mongos = 4.2.5 for package: mongodb-org-4.2.5-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mongodb-org-shell = 4.2.5 for package: mongodb-org-4.2.5-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mongodb-org-server = 4.2.5 for package: mongodb-org-4.2.5-1.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mongodb-org-mongos.x86_64 0:4.2.5-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package mongodb-org-server.x86_64 0:4.2.5-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package mongodb-org-shell.x86_64 0:4.2.5-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package mongodb-org-tools.x86_64 0:4.2.5-1.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

====================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                  Arch                         Version                            Repository                           Size
====================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 mongodb-org                              x86_64                       4.2.5-1.el7                        ngodb-org-4.2                       5.8 k
Installing for dependencies:
 mongodb-org-mongos                       x86_64                       4.2.5-1.el7                        ngodb-org-4.2                        14 M
 mongodb-org-server                       x86_64                       4.2.5-1.el7                        ngodb-org-4.2                        25 M
 mongodb-org-shell                        x86_64                       4.2.5-1.el7                        ngodb-org-4.2                        17 M
 mongodb-org-tools                        x86_64                       4.2.5-1.el7                        ngodb-org-4.2                        62 M

Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package (+4 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 119 M
Installed size: 283 M
Downloading packages:
(1/5): mongodb-org-4.2.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                    | 5.8 kB  00:00:04     
(2/5): mongodb-org-server-4.2.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                             |  25 MB  00:00:21     
(3/5): mongodb-org-mongos-4.2.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                             |  14 MB  00:00:32     
(4/5): mongodb-org-shell-4.2.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                              |  17 MB  00:00:37     
(5/5): mongodb-org-tools-4.2.5-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                              |  62 MB  00:17:43     
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                               111 kB/s | 119 MB  00:18:16     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : mongodb-org-tools-4.2.5-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                             1/5 
  Installing : mongodb-org-mongos-4.2.5-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                            2/5 
  Installing : mongodb-org-shell-4.2.5-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                             3/5 
  Installing : mongodb-org-server-4.2.5-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                            4/5 
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mongod.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service.
  Installing : mongodb-org-4.2.5-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                   5/5 
  Verifying  : mongodb-org-server-4.2.5-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                            1/5 
  Verifying  : mongodb-org-4.2.5-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                   2/5 
  Verifying  : mongodb-org-shell-4.2.5-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                             3/5 
  Verifying  : mongodb-org-mongos-4.2.5-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                            4/5 
  Verifying  : mongodb-org-tools-4.2.5-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                             5/5 

Installed:
  mongodb-org.x86_64 0:4.2.5-1.el7                                                                                                                  

Dependency Installed:
  mongodb-org-mongos.x86_64 0:4.2.5-1.el7          mongodb-org-server.x86_64 0:4.2.5-1.el7          mongodb-org-shell.x86_64 0:4.2.5-1.el7         
  mongodb-org-tools.x86_64 0:4.2.5-1.el7          

Complete!
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 

5、查看 mongo 安装位置:

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# whereis mongod
mongod: /usr/bin/mongod /etc/mongod.conf /usr/share/man/man1/mongod.1

验证下mongodb是否安装成功:

[root@localhost ~]# mongo -version
MongoDB shell version v4.2.5
git version: 2261279b51ea13df08ae708ff278f0679c59dc32
OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013
allocator: tcmalloc
modules: none
build environment:
    distmod: rhel70
    distarch: x86_64
    target_arch: x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# 

6、查看修改配置文件 :

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vi /etc/mongod.conf

7、启动 mongod :
方式一:自带命令启动

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl start mongod.service

错误:Job for mongod.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See “systemctl status mongod.service” and “journalctl -xe” for details.
解决(手动启动):

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm -rf /var/lib/mongo/mongod.lock

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# /usr/bin/mongod -f /etc/mongod.conf --repair
about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 4257
child process started successfully, parent exiting

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# /usr/bin/mongod -f /etc/mongod.conf
about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 4288
child process started successfully, parent exiting

8、停止mongod (不能使用kill -9,特别是生产数据库,后果自己去抿):
方法一:自带命令

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl stop mongod.service

方法二:在客户端进去,使用shutdown命令

[root@localhost mongo]# mongo 127.0.0.1:27017 
> use admin;
switched to db admin
> db.shutdownServer();
server should be down...
> exit;
[root@localhost mongo]# ps -ef|grep mongo
root       4750   1405  0 14:04 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mongo
[root@localhost mongo]# 

备注:

  • 在主节点(primary)上运行shutdown命令时,服务器在关闭之前,会先等待备份节点追赶主节点以保持同步。这将回滚的可能性降至最低,但shutdown操作有失败的可能性。如几秒钟内没有备份节点成功同步,则shutdown操作失败,主节点不会停止运行。

9、外网访问需要关闭防火墙:
    CentOS 7.0默认使用的是firewall作为防火墙,这里改为iptables防火墙。
停止firewall

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl stop firewalld.service

禁止firewall开机启动

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl disable firewalld.service

10、使用 mongodb 登录客户端:

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mongo 127.0.0.1:27017
>use admin
>show dbs
>show collections

11、重启Mongodb后,登录admin账号,创建一个超级权限用户:

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mongo 127.0.0.1:27017
>use admin
>db.createUser({user:'root',pwd:'root',roles:[{ "role" : "root", "db" : "admin" }]});

12、配置:

fork=true ## 允许程序在后台运行
#auth=true ## 开始认证
logpath=/data/db/mongodb/logs/mongodb.log logappend=true # 写日志的模式:设置为true为追加。默认是覆盖 dbpath=/data/db/mongodb/data/ ## 数据存放目录
pidfilepath=/data/db/mongodb/logs/mongodb.pid # 进程ID,没有指定则启动时候就没有PID文件。默认缺省。
port=27017
#bind_ip=192.168.1.150 # 绑定地址。默认127.0.0.1,只能通过本地连接 # 设置为true,修改数据目录存储模式,每个数据库的文件存储在DBPATH指定目录的不同的文件夹中。 # 使用此选项,可以配置的MongoDB将数据存储在不同的磁盘设备上,以提高写入吞吐量或磁盘容量。默认为false。 # 建议一开始就配置次选项
directoryperdb=true # 禁止日志 # 对应 journal 启用操作日志,以确保写入持久性和数据的一致性,会在dbpath目录下创建journal目录
nojournal = true ##
max connections # 最大连接数。默认值:取决于系统(即的ulimit和文件描述符)限制。# MongoDB中不会限制其自身的连接。当设置大于系统的限制,则无效,以系统限制为准。 # 设置该值的高于连接池和总连接数的大小,以防止尖峰时候的连接。 # 注意:不能设置该值大于20000。 maxConns=1024





三、卸载

1、停止mongod (不能使用kill -9,特别是生产数据库,后果自己去抿):
方法一:自带命令

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl stop mongod.service

方法二:在客户端进去,使用shutdown命令

[root@localhost mongo]# mongo 127.0.0.1:27017 
> use admin;
switched to db admin
> db.shutdownServer();
server should be down...
> exit;
[root@localhost mongo]# ps -ef|grep mongo
root       4750   1405  0 14:04 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mongo
[root@localhost mongo]# 

备注:

  • 在主节点(primary)上运行shutdown命令时,服务器在关闭之前,会先等待备份节点追赶主节点以保持同步。这将回滚的可能性降至最低,但shutdown操作有失败的可能性。如几秒钟内没有备份节点成功同步,则shutdown操作失败,主节点不会停止运行。

2、删除安装的包:

[root@localhost /]# yum erase $(rpm -qa | grep mongodb-org)

3、删除数据及日志:

[root@localhost /]# rm -r /var/log/mongodb
[root@localhost /]# rm -r /var/lib/mongo





四、错误&解决:

1、启动报错:

[root@localhost tmp]# systemctl start mongod.service
Job for mongod.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status mongod.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
[root@localhost tmp]# iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 27017 -j ACCEPT 
[root@localhost tmp]# systemctl restart  mongodb.service
Failed to restart mongodb.service: Unit not found.
[root@localhost tmp]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost tmp]# systemctl restart  mongodb.service
Failed to restart mongodb.service: Unit not found.
[root@localhost tmp]# chkconfig network off
[root@localhost tmp]# chkconfig network on
[root@localhost tmp]# service NetworkManager stop
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl stop NetworkManager.service
[root@localhost tmp]# service NetworkManager start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start NetworkManager.service
[root@localhost tmp]# 
[root@localhost tmp]# 
[root@localhost tmp]# systemctl status iptables.service
Unit iptables.service could not be found.
[root@localhost tmp]# service mongod start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start mongod.service
Job for mongod.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status mongod.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
[root@localhost tmp]# systemctl status  mongod.servicesystemctl status  mongod.servicesystemctl status  mongod.service
Unit mongod.servicesystemctl.service could not be found.
Unit status.service could not be found.
Unit mongod.servicesystemctl.service could not be found.
Unit status.service could not be found.
● mongod.service - MongoDB Database Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2020-04-12 13:11:24 CST; 53s ago
     Docs: https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
  Process: 1767 ExecStart=/usr/bin/mongod $OPTIONS (code=exited, status=14)
  Process: 1764 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/chmod 0755 /var/run/mongodb (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 1761 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/chown mongod:mongod /var/run/mongodb (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 1759 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mkdir -p /var/run/mongodb (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Apr 12 13:11:23 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MongoDB Database Server...
Apr 12 13:11:23 localhost.localdomain mongod[1767]: about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
Apr 12 13:11:23 localhost.localdomain mongod[1767]: forked process: 1770
Apr 12 13:11:24 localhost.localdomain mongod[1767]: ERROR: child process failed, exited with error number 14
Apr 12 13:11:24 localhost.localdomain mongod[1767]: To see additional information in this output, start without the "--fork" option.
Apr 12 13:11:24 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: mongod.service: control process exited, code=exited status=14
Apr 12 13:11:24 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Failed to start MongoDB Database Server.
Apr 12 13:11:24 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Unit mongod.service entered failed state.
Apr 12 13:11:24 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: mongod.service failed.
[root@localhost tmp]# systemctl status  mongod.service
● mongod.service - MongoDB Database Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2020-04-12 13:11:24 CST; 1min 7s ago
     Docs: https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
  Process: 1767 ExecStart=/usr/bin/mongod $OPTIONS (code=exited, status=14)
  Process: 1764 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/chmod 0755 /var/run/mongodb (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 1761 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/chown mongod:mongod /var/run/mongodb (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

[Unit]
Description=MongoDB Database Server
Documentation=https://docs.mongodb.org/manual
After=network.target

[Service]
User=mongod
Group=mongod
Environment="OPTIONS=-f /etc/mongod.conf"
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/mongod
ExecStart=/usr/bin/mongod $OPTIONS
ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mkdir -p /var/run/mongodb
ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/chown mongod:mongod /var/run/mongodb
ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/chmod 0755 /var/run/mongodb
PermissionsStartOnly=true
PIDFile=/var/run/mongodb/mongod.pid
Type=forking
# file size
LimitFSIZE=infinity
# cpu time
LimitCPU=infinity
# virtual memory size
LimitAS=infinity
# open files
LimitNOFILE=64000
# processes/threads
LimitNPROC=64000
# locked memory
LimitMEMLOCK=infinity
# total threads (user+kernel)
TasksMax=infinity
TasksAccounting=false
# Recommended limits for for mongod as specified in
# http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/ulimit/#recommended-settings

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
  Process: 1759 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mkdir -p /var/run/mongodb (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Apr 12 13:11:23 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MongoDB Database Server...
Apr 12 13:11:23 localhost.localdomain mongod[1767]: about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
Apr 12 13:11:23 localhost.localdomain mongod[1767]: forked process: 1770
Apr 12 13:11:24 localhost.localdomain mongod[1767]: ERROR: child process failed, exited with error number 14
Apr 12 13:11:24 localhost.localdomain mongod[1767]: To see additional information in this output, start without the "--fork" option.
Apr 12 13:11:24 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: mongod.service: control process exited, code=exited status=14
Apr 12 13:11:24 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Failed to start MongoDB Database Server.
Apr 12 13:11:24 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Unit mongod.service entered failed state.
Apr 12 13:11:24 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: mongod.service failed.
[root@localhost tmp]# 
[root@localhost tmp]# 
[root@localhost tmp]# 
[root@localhost tmp]# 
[root@localhost tmp]# 
[root@localhost tmp]# cd /var/lib/mongo
[root@localhost mongo]# ll
total 220
-rw-------. 1 mongod mongod 20480 Apr 12 12:40 collection-0-4564825217932403377.wt
-rw-------. 1 mongod mongod 20480 Apr 12 12:40 collection-0-7178743260762488425.wt
-rw-------. 1 mongod mongod  4096 Apr 12 12:38 collection-2-7178743260762488425.wt
-rw-------. 1 mongod mongod  4096 Apr 12 12:38 collection-4-4564825217932403377.wt
-rw-------. 1 root   root    4096 Apr 12 12:40 index-0--7716042632157737549.wt
-rw-------. 1 mongod mongod 20480 Apr 12 12:40 index-1-4564825217932403377.wt
-rw-------. 1 mongod mongod 20480 Apr 12 12:40 index-1-7178743260762488425.wt
-rw-------. 1 mongod mongod  4096 Apr 12 12:38 index-3-7178743260762488425.wt
-rw-------. 1 mongod mongod  4096 Apr 12 12:38 internal-5-7178743260762488425.wt
drwx------. 2 mongod mongod   174 Apr 12 12:40 journal
-rw-------. 1 mongod mongod 36864 Apr 12 12:40 _mdb_catalog.wt
-rw-------. 1 mongod mongod     6 Apr 12 12:40 mongod.lock
-rw-------. 1 mongod mongod  4096 Apr 12 12:40 sizeStorer.wt
-rw-------. 1 mongod mongod   114 Apr 12 12:38 storage.bson
-rw-------. 1 mongod mongod    47 Apr 12 12:38 WiredTiger
-rw-------. 1 root   root    4096 Apr 12 12:40 WiredTigerLAS.wt
-rw-------. 1 mongod mongod    21 Apr 12 12:38 WiredTiger.lock
-rw-------. 1 root   root    1207 Apr 12 12:40 WiredTiger.turtle
-rw-------. 1 mongod mongod 57344 Apr 12 12:40 WiredTiger.wt
[root@localhost mongo]# rm -rf mongod.lock
[root@localhost mongo]# ps aux|grep mongo
root       1881  0.0  0.0 112704   972 pts/0    S+   13:14   0:00 grep --color=auto mongo
[root@localhost mongo]# 
[root@localhost mongo]# 
[root@localhost mongo]# whicher mongod.service
-bash: whicher: command not found
[root@localhost mongo]# whiches mongod.service
-bash: whiches: command not found
[root@localhost mongo]# whiche mongod.service 
-bash: whiche: command not found
[root@localhost mongo]# find / -name 'mongod.service'
/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mongod.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service
[root@localhost mongo]# less /usr/lib/systemd/system/mongod.service
[root@localhost mongo]# /usr/bin/mongod -f /etc/mongod.conf --repair
about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 2003
child process started successfully, parent exiting
[root@localhost mongo]# /usr/bin/mongod -f /etc/mongod.conf
about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 2044
child process started successfully, parent exiting
[root@localhost mongo]# 

五、问题及处理:

1、错误:Error accepting new connection on 0.0.0.0:40000: Too many open files 错误 导致 mongodb数据库进程停止:
解决:【运维笔记】linux最大文件句柄数:https://blog.csdn.net/seesun2012/article/details/106638194

2、错误:SyncSourceFeedback error sending update to 192.168.1.76:60000: InvalidSyncSource: Sync source was cleared. Was 192.168.1.76:60000 导致数据同步错误:
解决:同步服务器时钟,但是此教程是单台部署,不存在时钟不同步问题

3、【已解决】添加了IP限制的mongod重启出错:Job for mongod.service failed because the control process exited with error code
https://www.crifan.com/mongodb_add_multiple_ip_restriction_restart_mongod_fail_job_for_mongod_service_failed/

























六、参考文献:

阿里云Centos 7安装MongoDB 4.2.0
https://www.cnblogs.com/SnowBaby/p/11569541.html

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