MySQL基础语句之子查询与连接《图文三》

MySQL数据库之子查询与连接

使用比较运算符的子查询

=、>、<、>=、<=、<>、!=、<=>

1.子查询是指在另一个查询语句中的SELECT子句。

 

  例句：

 

 SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE column1 = (SELECT column1 FROM t2);

 

  其中，SELECT *FROM t1 ...称为Outer Query[外查询](或者Outer Statement),

 

 SELECT column1 FROM t2 称为Sub Query[子查询]。

 

  所以，我们说子查询是嵌套在外查询内部。而事实上它有可能在子查询内部再嵌套子查询。

 

  子查询必须出现在圆括号之间。

行级子查询

 

 SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE (col1,col2) = (SELECT col3, col4 FROM t2 WHERE id= 10);

 

 SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE ROW(col1,col2) = (SELECT col3, col4 FROM t2 WHEREid = 10);

 

  行级子查询的返回结果最多为一行。

 

  优化子查询

 

 

 

  -- 创建数据表

 

 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tdb_goods(

   goods_id    SMALLINT UNSIGNEDPRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,

   goods_name  VARCHAR(150) NOT NULL,

   goods_cate  VARCHAR(40)  NOT NULL,

   brand_name  VARCHAR(40)  NOT NULL,

   goods_price DECIMAL(15,3) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,

   is_show     BOOLEAN NOT NULLDEFAULT 1,

   is_saleoff  BOOLEAN NOT NULLDEFAULT 0

  );

 

 -- 写入记录

 

 INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff)VALUES('R510VC 15.6英寸笔记本','笔记本','华硕','3399',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Y400N14.0英寸笔记本电脑','笔记本','联想','4899',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff)VALUES('G150TH 15.6英寸游戏本','游戏本','雷神','8499',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('X550CC15.6英寸笔记本','笔记本','华硕','2799',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff)VALUES('X240(20ALA0EYCD) 12.5英寸超极本','超级本','联想','4999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('U330P13.3英寸超极本','超级本','联想','4299',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff)VALUES('SVP13226SCB 13.3英寸触控超极本','超级本','索尼','7999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('iPadmini MD531CH/A 7.9英寸平板电脑','平板电脑','苹果','1998',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('iPadAir MD788CH/A 9.7英寸平板电脑（16G WiFi版）','平板电脑','苹果','3388',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(' iPadmini ME279CH/A 配备 Retina 显示屏 7.9英寸平板电脑（16G WiFi版）','平板电脑','苹果','2788',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff)VALUES('IdeaCentre C340 20英寸一体电脑 ','台式机','联想','3499',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff)VALUES('Vostro 3800-R1206 台式电脑','台式机','戴尔','2899',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('iMacME086CH/A 21.5英寸一体电脑','台式机','苹果','9188',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff)VALUES('AT7-7414LP 台式电脑（i5-3450四核 4G 500G 2G独显 DVD 键鼠 Linux ）','台式机','宏碁','3699',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff)VALUES('Z220SFF F4F06PA工作站','服务器/工作站','惠普','4288',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff)VALUES('PowerEdge T110 II服务器','服务器/工作站','戴尔','5388',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('MacPro MD878CH/A 专业级台式电脑','服务器/工作站','苹果','28888',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('HMZ-T3W 头戴显示设备','笔记本配件','索尼','6999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('商务双肩背包','笔记本配件','索尼','99',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('X3250M4机架式服务器 2583i14','服务器/工作站','IBM','6888',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('玄龙精英版 笔记本散热器','笔记本配件','九州风神','',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('HMZ-T3W 头戴显示设备','笔记本配件','索尼','6999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('商务双肩背包','笔记本配件','索尼','99',DEFAULT,DEFAULT);

 

 

 

-- 求所有电脑产品的平均价格,并且保留两位小数，AVG,MAX,MIN、COUNT、SUM为聚合函数

 

  SELECT ROUND(AVG(goods_price),2) AS avg_price FROM tdb_goods;

 

-- 查询所有价格大于平均价格的商品，并且按价格降序排序

 

  SELECT goods_id,goods_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_price> 5845.10 ORDER BY goods_price DESC;

 

-- 使用子查询来实现

 

 SELECT goods_id,goods_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods

 

 

 WHERE goods_price > (SELECT ROUND(AVG(goods_price),2) AS avg_priceFROM tdb_goods)

 

 

 ORDER BY goods_price DESC;

 

 

-- 查询类型为“超记本”的商品价格

 

 

  SELECT goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_cate = '超级本';

 

-- 查询价格大于或等于"超级本"价格的商品，并且按价格降序排列

 

 

  SELECT goods_id,goods_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods

 

  WHERE goods_price = ANY(SELECT goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_cate= '超级本')

 

  ORDER BY goods_price DESC;

  

 

-- = ANY 或 = SOME 等价于 IN

 

  SELECT goods_id,goods_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods

 

  WHERE goods_price IN (SELECT goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_cate= '超级本')

 

  ORDER BY goods_price DESC;

 

 

-- 创建“商品分类”表

 

 

 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tdb_goods_cates(

 

   cate_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,

   

   cate_name VARCHAR(40)

 

  );

 

-- 查询tdb_goods表的所有记录，并且按"类别"分组

 

 SELECT goods_cate FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY goods_cate;

 

-- 将分组结果写入到tdb_goods_cates数据表

 

 INSERT tdb_goods_cates (cate_name) SELECT goods_cate FROM tdb_goodsGROUP BY goods_cate;

 

-- 通过tdb_goods_cates数据表来更新tdb_goods表

 

 UPDATE tdb_goods INNER JOIN tdb_goods_cates ON goods_cate = cate_name

 

  SETgoods_cate = cate_id ;

 

-- 通过CREATE...SELECT来创建数据表并且同时写入记录

 

  --SELECT brand_name FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY brand_name;

 

 CREATE TABLE tdb_goods_brands (

 

   brand_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,

 

   brand_name VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL

 

  )SELECT brand_name FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY brand_name;

 

 

-- 通过tdb_goods_brands数据表来更新tdb_goods数据表(错误)

 

 UPDATE tdb_goods  INNER JOINtdb_goods_brands ON brand_name = brand_name

 

  SETbrand_name = brand_id;

 

  --Column 'brand_name' in field list is ambigous

 

  -- 正确

 

  UPDATEtdb_goods AS  g  INNER JOIN tdb_goods_brands AS b ONg.brand_name = b.brand_name

 

  SETg.brand_name = b.brand_id;

 

-- 查看tdb_goods的数据表结构

 

 DESC tdb_goods;

 

-- 通过ALTER TABLE语句修改数据表结构

 

 

 ALTER TABLE tdb_goods 

 

 CHANGE goods_cate cate_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,

 

 CHANGE brand_name brand_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL;

 

-- 分别在tdb_goods_cates和tdb_goods_brands表插入记录

 

  INSERT tdb_goods_cates(cate_name) VALUES('路由器'),('交换机'),('网卡');

 

  INSERT tdb_goods_brands(brand_name) VALUES('海尔'),('清华同方'),('神舟');

 

-- 在tdb_goods数据表写入任意记录

 

  INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,cate_id,brand_id,goods_price) VALUES('LaserJet Pro P1606dn 黑白激光打印机','12','4','1849');

 

-- 查询所有商品的详细信息(通过内连接实现)

 

  SELECT goods_id,goods_name,cate_name,brand_name,goods_price FROMtdb_goods AS g

 

  INNER JOIN tdb_goods_cates AS c ON g.cate_id = c.cate_id

 

  INNER JOIN tdb_goods_brands AS b ON g.brand_id = b.brand_id\G;

 

-- 查询所有商品的详细信息(通过左外连接实现)

 

  SELECT goods_id,goods_name,cate_name,brand_name,goods_price FROMtdb_goods AS g

 

  LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_cates AS c ON g.cate_id = c.cate_id

 

  LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_brands AS b ON g.brand_id = b.brand_id\G;

 

-- 查询所有商品的详细信息(通过右外连接实现)

 

  SELECT goods_id,goods_name,cate_name,brand_name,goods_price FROMtdb_goods AS g

 

  RIGHT JOIN tdb_goods_cates AS c ON g.cate_id = c.cate_id

 

  RIGHT JOIN tdb_goods_brands AS b ON g.brand_id = b.brand_id\G;

 

-- 无限分类的数据表设计

 

  CREATE TABLE tdb_goods_types(

    type_id   SMALLINT UNSIGNEDPRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,

    type_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,

    parent_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0

  );

 

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('家用电器',DEFAULT);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('电脑、办公',DEFAULT);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('大家电',1);

  INSERTtdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('生活电器',1);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('平板电视',3);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('空调',3);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('电风扇',4);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('饮水机',4);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('电脑整机',2);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('电脑配件',2);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('笔记本',9);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('超级本',9);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('游戏本',9);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('CPU',10);

 INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('主机',10);

 

-- 查找所有分类及其父类

 

SELECT s.type_id,s.type_name,p.type_nameFROM tdb_goods_types AS s LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_types AS  p ON s.parent_id = p.type_id;

  

-- 查找所有分类及其子类

 

SELECT p.type_id,p.type_name,s.type_nameFROM tdb_goods_types AS p LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_types AS  s ON s.parent_id = p.type_id;

 

-- 查找所有分类及其子类的数目

 

SELECTp.type_id,p.type_name,count(s.type_name) AS children_count FROMtdb_goods_types AS p LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_types AS s ON s.parent_id = p.type_idGROUP BY p.type_name ORDER BY p.type_id;

 

-- 为tdb_goods_types添加child_count字段

 

 ALTER TABLE tdb_goods_types ADD child_count MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDEFAULT 0;

 

-- 将刚才查询到的子类数量更新到tdb_goods_types数据表

 

UPDATE tdb_goods_types AS t1 INNER JOIN (SELECT p.type_id,p.type_name,count(s.type_name) AS children_count FROMtdb_goods_types AS p

 LEFTJOIN tdb_goods_types AS s ON s.parent_id = p.type_id                       

GROUP BY p.type_name

 ORDER BY p.type_id ) AS t2

 ON  t1.type_id = t2.type_id

  SETt1.child_count = t2.children_count;

-- 复制编号为12,20的两条记录

 SELECT * FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_id IN (19,20);

-- INSERT ... SELECT实现复制

 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,cate_id,brand_id) SELECTgoods_name,cate_id,brand_id FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_id IN (19,20);

-- 查找重复记录

 SELECT goods_id,goods_name FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY goods_name HAVINGcount(goods_name) >= 2;

-- 删除重复记录

 DELETE t1 FROM tdb_goods AS t1 LEFT JOIN (SELECT goods_id,goods_nameFROM tdb_goods GROUP BY goods_name HAVING count(goods_name) >= 2 ) ASt2  ON t1.goods_name = t2.goods_name  WHERE t1.goods_id > t2.goods_id;