转载链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoshiwang/p/11115949.html
广播
必须使用UDP协议,是只能在局域网内使用,指定接收端的IP为xxx.xxx.xxx.255后,发送的信息,局域网内的所有接受端就能够接到信息了。
广播的发送端代码
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int agrc, char** argv){
int fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
int port = atoi(argv[1]);
struct sockaddr_in addr;
addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
addr.sin_port = htons(port);
addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
bind(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr));
int n = 1;
int ret = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST,
&n, sizeof(n));
struct sockaddr_in client;
memset(&client, 0, sizeof(client));
client.sin_family = AF_INET;
client.sin_port = htons(6666);
inet_pton(AF_INET, "10.210.65.255", &client.sin_addr.s_addr);
int cnt = 0;
while(1){
char buf[64] = {0};
sprintf(buf, "count=%d", cnt++);
int ret = sendto(fd, buf, sizeof buf, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&client, sizeof(client));
if(ret == -1){
perror("sendto -1");
}
sleep(1);
}
}
注意点:
1.必须用setsockopt函数开通套接字的组播权限。
int flag = 1;
/*允许广播*/
setsockopt(socket_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, &flag, sizeof(flag));
2.由于广播的时候,必须指定接收端的端口号,所以接收端必须调用bind函数,显示的指定自己用的端口号。
接收广播发送信息的代码
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int agrc, char** argv){
int fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
struct sockaddr_in addr;
memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
addr.sin_port = htons(6666);
//addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htons(INADDR_ANY);
inet_pton(AF_INET, "0.0.0.0", &addr.sin_addr.s_addr);
socklen_t len = sizeof(addr);
bind(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr));
while(1){
char buf[64] = {0};
int ret = recvfrom(fd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0, NULL, NULL);
write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, ret);
sleep(1);
}
}
注意点:
由于广播的时候,必须指定接收端的端口号,所以接收端必须调用bind函数,显示的指定自己用的端口号。
组播
必须使用UDP协议。有专门的组播地址。首先发送端要指定一个组播的IP,并且接收端也需要指定和发送端一样的组播的IP。
组播的IP介绍:
224.0.0.0~224.0.0.255为预留的组播地址(永久组地址),地址224.0.0.0保留不做分配,其它地址供路由协议使用;
224.0.1.0~224.0.1.255是公用组播地址,可以用于Internet;
224.0.2.0~238.255.255.255为用户可用的组播地址(临时组地址),全网范围内有效;
239.0.0.0~239.255.255.255为本地管理组播地址,仅在特定的本地范围内有效。
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <net/if.h>
int main(int agrc, char** argv){
int fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
int port = atoi(argv[1]);
struct sockaddr_in addr;
addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
addr.sin_port = htons(port);
addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
bind(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr));
struct ip_mreqn n;
inet_pton(AF_INET, "239.0.0.10", &n.imr_multiaddr.s_addr);//组播地址
inet_pton(AF_INET, "0.0.0.0", &n.imr_address.s_addr);//本机地址
n.imr_ifindex = if_nametoindex("enp0s3");//本机的通信用的网卡的物理地址,可以用ifconfig查看
int ret = setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF,
&n, sizeof(n));
struct sockaddr_in client;
memset(&client, 0, sizeof(client));
client.sin_family = AF_INET;
client.sin_port = htons(6666);
inet_pton(AF_INET, "239.0.0.10", &client.sin_addr.s_addr);
int cnt = 0;
while(1){
char buf[64] = {0};
sprintf(buf, "count=%d", cnt++);
int ret = sendto(fd, buf, sizeof buf, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&client, sizeof(client));
if(ret == -1){
perror("sendto -1");
}
sleep(1);
}
}
注意点:
1.必须用setsockopt函数开通套接字的组播权限。发送端使用IPPROTO_IP和IP_MULTICAST_IF
2.函数if_nametoindex的作用是通过网卡的名字,取得网卡的mac地址,查看网卡可以使用ifconfig命令查看
组播接收端例子
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <net/if.h>
int main(int agrc, char** argv){
int fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
struct sockaddr_in addr;
memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
addr.sin_port = htons(6666);
//addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htons(INADDR_ANY);
inet_pton(AF_INET, "0.0.0.0", &addr.sin_addr.s_addr);
socklen_t len = sizeof(addr);
bind(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr));
struct ip_mreqn n;
inet_pton(AF_INET, "239.0.0.10", &n.imr_multiaddr.s_addr);
inet_pton(AF_INET, "0.0.0.0", &n.imr_address.s_addr);
n.imr_ifindex = if_nametoindex("enp0s3");
int ret = setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,
&n, sizeof(n));
while(1){
char buf[64] = {0};
int ret = recvfrom(fd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0, NULL, NULL);
write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, ret);
sleep(1);
}
}
注意点:
必须用setsockopt函数把接收端的套接字加入到组播的组里。接收端使用IPPROTO_IP和IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP
由于组播的时候,必须指定接收端的端口号,所以接收端必须调用bind函数,显示的指定自己用的端口号