openwrt 编译外部源码过程与问题解决

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-20 14:25:10 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-20 14:25:10 发布

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文章标签： openwrt 内核 linux arm

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/sfdgfdvc/article/details/119514247

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1、openwrt 基本介绍

openwrt 是一个编译工具，帮助自定义编译内核和应用（我的理解）。所以如果有定制自己需要的内核，并基于这个定制化内核编译一些应用的话，可以使用openwrt，openwrt 还是很成熟，很方便的。

（PS：最开始不知道openwrt的时候，我是自己配置编译环境，然后自己编译应用，当然是很复杂的，又要应用和内核版本一致，又有各种规范，一个OVS编了好久才编好；而使用openwrt ，只需要勾选上自己想要的应用就可以了（openwrt 应用源中的应用很多，基本满足我的需求），所以推荐大家使用openwrt）

我使用的openwrt 版本是：19.07.1，想要移植到的平台是：Xilinx ZC702。

2、编译前准备

openwrt源码下载：

网址是：https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt

这个不用记，直接谷歌里面输：openwrt github 第一个就是。

下载：git clone https://github.com.cnpmjs.org/openwrt/openwrt.git .

外部源码准备：

你需要使用的源码，放在一个位置。

.config 配置文件

其他应用或者库：

这个是说有些库或者软件openwrt 确实没有，那么你可以准备下这些库或者软件的源码，借助 openwrt去帮你编译。

（PS：当然，你不可能一上来就知道哪个库或者软件openwrt 没有，都是先进入到openwrt 里面，make menuconfig ，找一找，搜一搜，发现确实没有的话，你再去准备下这些东西。）

3、开始编译工作

选择版本：

git tag 看看有哪些版本，我是因为openwrt 对ZC702 的支持从19.07.1 才开始，所以选择这个版本，大家可以根据需求选择版本。

git checkout 版本号（直接复制git tag给出的某一个版本）

更新openwrt 库并下载：

./scripts/feeds update -a #更新feeds软件源

./scripts/feeds install -a #下载更新

功能选择：

make menuconfig

 .config - OpenWrt Configuration
 qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq
  lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq OpenWrt Configuration qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk
  x  Arrow keys navigate the menu.  <Enter> selects submenus ---> (or empty submenus ----).  Highlighted letters x  
  x  are hotkeys.  Pressing <Y> includes, <N> excludes, <M> modularizes features.  Press <Esc><Esc> to exit, <?> x  
  x  for Help, </> for Search.  Legend: [*] built-in  [ ] excluded  <M> module  < > module capable               x  
  x                                                                                                              x  
  x lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk x  
  x x                      Target System (Xilinx Zynq 7000 SoCs)  --->                                         x x  
  x x                      Target Profile (Xilinx ZC702)  --->                                                 x x  
  x x                      Target Images  --->                                                                 x x  
  x x                      Global build settings  --->                                                         x x  
  x x                  [*] Advanced configuration options (for developers)  --->                               x x  
  x x                  [ ] Build the OpenWrt Image Builder                                                     x x  
  x x                  [ ] Build the OpenWrt SDK                                                               x x  
  x x                  [ ] Package the OpenWrt-based Toolchain                                                 x x  
  x x                  [ ] Image configuration  --->                                                           x x  
  x x                      Base system  --->                                                                   x x  
  x x                      Administration  --->                                                                x x  
  x x                      Boot Loaders  ----                                                                  x x  
  x x                      Development  --->                                                                   x x  
  x x                      Extra packages  --->                                                                x x  
  x mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqv(+)qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj x  
  tqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqu  
  x                           <Select>    < Exit >    < Help >    < Save >    < Load >                           x  
  mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj

target system 选择目标平台

target profile 选择具体型号

这两个是必选项

然后就是外部源码路径的配置：

 .config - OpenWrt Configuration
 > Advanced configuration options (for developers) qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq
  lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq Advanced configuration options (for developers) qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk
  x  Arrow keys navigate the menu.  <Enter> selects submenus ---> (or empty submenus ----).  Highlighted letters x  
  x  are hotkeys.  Pressing <Y> includes, <N> excludes, <M> modularizes features.  Press <Esc><Esc> to exit, <?> x  
  x  for Help, </> for Search.  Legend: [*] built-in  [ ] excluded  <M> module  < > module capable               x  
  x                                                                                                              x  
  x lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq^(-)qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk x  
  x x                  ()    Local mirror for source packages                                                  x x  
  x x                  [*]   Automatic rebuild of packages                                                     x x  
  x x                  [ ]   Automatic removal of build directories                                            x x  
  x x                  ()    Build suffix to append to the target BUILD_DIR variable                           x x  
  x x                  ()    Override the default TARGET_ROOTFS_DIR variable                                   x x  
  x x                  [ ]   Use ccache                                                                        x x  
  x x                  (your_kernel_path) Use external kernel tree                            x x  
  x x                  ()    Enter git repository to clone                                                     x x  
  x x                  [ ]   Enable log files during build process                                             x x  
  x x                  [ ]   Enable package source tree override                                               x x  
  x x                  (-fno-caller-saves -fno-plt) Additional compiler options                                x x  
  x x                  [ ]   Target Options  ----                                                              x x  
  x x                  [ ]   Use external toolchain  ----                                                      x x  
  x x                  [ ]   Toolchain Options  ----                                                           x x  
  x mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj x  
  tqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqu  
  x                           <Select>    < Exit >    < Help >    < Save >    < Load >                           x  
  mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj

use external kernel tree 按 enter 进入填写路径。

外部源码配置只需要填下这个路径就行了，没有其他配置项。

编译：

这里我建议，先去外部源码里面预编译一下，然后回来openwrt 走openwrt 的编译流程，因为这里面会涉及到很多问题。

问题1：配置加载失败

		scripts/kconfig/conf  --silentoldconfig Kconfig
		*
		* Restart config...
		*
		*
		* Xilinx Specific Options
		*
Cache Prefetch (XILINX_PREFETCH) [Y/n/?] (NEW)

出现类似这样的错误，也就是内核的配置有问题，而先把内核源码编译一下就不会出现。

问题2：make menuconfig 功能和 make kernel_menuconfig CONFIG_TARGET=target 功能的冲突

这个问题对我来说是这样的：我需要kernel 中的某项功能支持，是cfg80211 模块的子功能，在make kernel_menuconfig CONFIG_TARGET=target（说明：这个是openwrt 下编译内核功能的命令）中已经勾选，但是make 时却提示：

Package kmod-XXX is missing dependencies for the following libraries:

cfg80211.ko

mac80211.ko

所以openwrt 未识别你在kernel 中勾选的功能，因此先编译下内核源码会让你的编译工作更顺畅。

内核编译

cd YOUR_KERNEL_PATH #在你的外部源码路径下操作

准备好.config 配置文件

export ARCH=arm

export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- #没有的话就下载：sudo apt-get install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabihf

make menuconfig #确认下你需要的一些功能有没有选上

make prepare && make modules_prepare

make -j12 uImage UIMAGE_LOADADDR=0x8000 #这个地方可能有个报错，直接百度下，安装那个工具就好了，具体我忘记了

make modules

到此为止，内核预编译工作完成，内核功能已经编好，接下来去openwrt 继续完成openwrt 的编译就好了。

openwrt 编译

cd OPENWRT_PATH

make menuconfig #确认下配置

make kernel_menuconfig CONFIG_TARGET=target #加载下内核配置，并进行确认。这里有个地方需要注意，openwrt 会分一个squashfs 分区，所以你的kernel 配置需要支持这个，进行勾选即可。

 .config - Linux/arm 4.14.0 Kernel Configuration
 > File systems > Miscellaneous filesystems qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq
  lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq Miscellaneous filesystems qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk
  x  Arrow keys navigate the menu.  <Enter> selects submenus ---> (or empty submenus ----).  Highlighted letters x  
  x  are hotkeys.  Pressing <Y> includes, <N> excludes, <M> modularizes features.  Press <Esc><Esc> to exit, <?> x  
  x  for Help, </> for Search.  Legend: [*] built-in  [ ] excluded  <M> module  < > module capable               x  
  x                                                                                                              x  
  x lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq^(-)qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk x  
  x x                  [ ]     Advanced compression options for JFFS2                                          x x  
  x x                  < >   Compressed ROM file system support (cramfs) (OBSOLETE)                            x x  
  x x                  <*>   SquashFS 4.0 - Squashed file system support                                       x x  
  x x                          File decompression options (Decompress files directly into the page cache)  --->x x  
  x x                          Decompressor parallelisation options (Use percpu multiple decompressors for parax x  
  x x                  [ ]     Squashfs XATTR support                                                          x x  
  x x                  [ ]     Include support for ZLIB compressed file systems                                x x  
  x x                  [ ]     Include support for LZ4 compressed file systems                                 x x  
  x x                  [ ]     Include support for LZO compressed file systems                                 x x  
  x x                  [*]     Include support for XZ compressed file systems                                  x x  
  x x                  [ ]     Include support for ZSTD compressed file systems                                x x  
  x x                  [ ]     Use 4K device block size?                                                       x x  
  x x                  [*]     Additional option for memory-constrained systems                                x x  
  x x                  (3)       Number of fragments cached                                                    x x  
  x mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqv(+)qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj x  
  tqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqu  
  x                           <Select>    < Exit >    < Help >    < Save >    < Load >                           x  
  mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqj

然后就是编译：

make download V=s #这个项我建议无论是第一次还是之后的每一次编译，都先进行这一步。这个命令会下载好你需要编译的软件，提高编译成功率。

make V=s #第一次编译时间会稍长一点。

等待结束即可。

然后就能烧入 img 镜像，看看能不能跑起来了。

sz bin/targets/zynq/generic/openwrt-zynq-YourTargerProfile-squashfs-sdcard.img.gz #具体名称不一样，根据你的平台，但是这个路径。

4、第三方库和软件编译

以上工作可以满足大部分的需求：内核是根据你的需求定制的；应用也是根据你的需求勾选编译的。img会很小，烧录非常快。

但是有些情况我们需要的库和软件，openwrt 确实没有提供，怎么办呢？那我们就按照openwrt 的规范，将源码放在要求的位置，稍微改下配置文件，让openwrt 帮助我们完成编译。

由于我的工作限制，我只编译过库、驱动和应用这些类型，所以后面根据这个分类详细贴出配置文件。

第三方编译规范

需要编译第三方的软件（驱动、库等），只需要按照openwrt 的规则，安排好源码的路径结构，稍微改下 makefile 等文件，使openwrt 能够识别你的软件，就可以了，其实还是很简单的。

一般是这样：

在package/libs（对于库）、package/kernel/（对于驱动）、package/utils（应用软件）路径下，创建一个文件夹，里面放你的代码，结构如下：

Makefile 和 src/

Makefile 我在后面会根据软件类型不同贴出来。

src里面就放你的源码。

src 有些会自带Makefile ，没关系，不需要对它进行修改。比如src/Makefile 里面指定了编译器：CC=gcc，没事啊，外面的Makefile 也会指定openwrt 的编译器，并覆盖内层Makefile 中的配置。

这些填好后，去make menuconfig 里面勾选上这个软件，就可以开始编译了。

分类型软件规范和编译

库

注意下外层Makefile 就行了：

示例（需要改的地方我已经作了标注）：

include $(TOPDIR)/rules.mk

PKG_NAME:=lib+库名称
PKG_VERSION:=0.10.0
PKG_RELEASE:=1

PKG_BUILD_DIR := $(BUILD_DIR)/$(PKG_NAME)
PKG_INSTALL:=1
include $(INCLUDE_DIR)/package.mk

define Package/lib库名
	SECTION:=libs
	CATEGORY:=Libraries
	SUBMENU:=子目录，名字随便取，方便查找
	TITLE:=这个是对库的简介
	DEPENDS:=+libcurl +libssh  +libxml2 +libxslt（这个就看你的库依赖什么了，+加上就行） 
endef

define Package/lib库名/description
 库的介绍 
endef

define Build/InstallDev
	$(INSTALL_DIR) $(1)/usr/lib
	$(CP) $(PKG_INSTALL_DIR)/usr/lib/lib库名.{a,so*,la} $(1)/usr/lib/
endef

define Package/lib库名/install
	$(INSTALL_DIR) $(1)/usr/lib
	$(CP) $(PKG_INSTALL_DIR)/usr/lib/lib库名.so.* $(1)/usr/lib/
endef
$(eval $(call BuildPackage,${PKG_NAME}))

驱动

驱动的话多一步，在src/ 里面添加一个Kconfig 文件：

config 驱动名
    tristate "驱动介绍"
    help
    This is a example, for debugging kernel model.
    If unsure, say N.

外层Makefile 示例（需要改的地方我已经作了标注）：

#
# Copyright (C) 2014-2016 OpenWrt.org
#
# This is free software, licensed under the GNU General Public License v2.
# See /LICENSE for more information.
#

include $(TOPDIR)/rules.mk
include $(INCLUDE_DIR)/kernel.mk

PKG_NAME:=驱动名

include $(INCLUDE_DIR)/package.mk

define KernelPackage/驱动名
	SUBMENU:=目录
	TITLE:=驱动title
	FILES:=$(PKG_BUILD_DIR)/驱动名.ko
endef

define Build/Compile
	$(KERNEL_MAKE) M="$(PKG_BUILD_DIR)" \
		CFLAGS="$(TARGET_CFLAGS)   -g -pipe " \
		modules
endef

$(eval $(call KernelPackage,$(PKG_NAME)))

软件、上层应用

外层Makefile（需要修改的地方我已经做了批注）：

include $(TOPDIR)/rules.mk

PKG_NAME:=应用名
PKG_VERSION:=1.0
PKG_RELEASE:=1

PKG_BUILD_DIR:=$(BUILD_DIR)/$(PKG_NAME)

include $(INCLUDE_DIR)/package.mk

define Build/Prepare
	mkdir -p $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)
	$(CP) ./src/* $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)
endef

define Package/应用名
	SECTION:=utils
	SUBMENU:=目录
	CATEGORY:=Utilities
	TITLE:=应用title
	DEPENDS:=+libpcap（根据需要添加依赖） 
endef

define Package/应用名/description
 介绍
endef

define Build/Compile
        $(MAKE) -C $(PKG_BUILD_DIR) \
                CC="$(TARGET_CC)" \
                CFLAGS="$(TARGET_CFLAGS) -Wall -Werror -g -pipe  -lpcap "
endef

define Package/应用名/install
	$(INSTALL_DIR) $(1)/usr/bin
	$(INSTALL_BIN) $(PKG_BUILD_DIR)/$(PKG_NAME) $(1)/usr/bin/
endef

$(eval $(call BuildPackage,$(PKG_NAME)))