delayed_job 的 基本用法

delayed_job 是用来做某些可以延后的，对时间要求不高的任务，例如： 发送1W个邮件，处理10W个数据，不能在规定的时间内（例如1秒）立即执行完的任务。

delayed_job 有两个版本，一个是最初的：
[url]https://github.com/tobi/delayed_job[/url]
另一个是改进的：
[url]https://github.com/collectiveidea/delayed_job[/url]

我用的是第二个。它们用法几乎一样，除了在 优先级方面(priority )，后者是数字越大，优先级越低。

文档方面很奇怪，建议两者都要看，互相综合，才能看完整。

下面把我的一点心得贴出来：

1. worker 至关重要。默认是启动一个，看起来是单线程。 启动时配置参数：
$ script/delayed_job -n 4 start (启动4个worker)

2. 每个job一旦被执行，那么它被lock住，(lock=true)，等到该JOB彻底被执行完毕，才会把它从delayed_job 表中删除掉。

3. 可以在 config/initializers 中进行配置：

# delayed_job_config.rb
Delayed::Worker.destroy_failed_jobs = true
Delayed::Worker.sleep_delay = 30
Delayed::Worker.max_attempts = 5 
Delayed::Worker.max_run_time = 10.minutes

4. 几个hooks:
从源代码中可以看到几个hooks:

      def invoke_job
        hook :before
        payload_object.perform
        hook :success
      rescue Exception => e
        hook :error, e
        raise e
      ensure
        hook :after
      end 

比如，定义个before:

class ParanoidNewsletterJob < NewsletterJob
  def perform
    emails.each { |e| NewsletterMailer.deliver_text_to_email(text, e) }
  end

  def before(job)
    record_stat 'newsletter_job/start'
  end
end

5. priority 很重要。 可以为某些任务设置。 但是不要被他所迷惑。 在多worker情况下是不准确的。


例如，我有2 种job, 一种是 drink_water, 一种是: eat_food
那么，光设置 priority 还不行，在多个worker下，还要设置 一个wait_job.

class EatFoodJob < Struct.new(:job_name)
  def perform
    Rails.logger.info "===(#{job_name}) running"
    sleep_time = 1 + rand(5)
    sleep sleep_time
    Rails.logger.info "===(#{job_name}) after #{sleep_time} sleep, done "
  end 
end

class WaitJob < Struct.new(:job_name)
  def perform
    Rails.logger.info "===(#{job_name}, #{self.class}) running"
    loop do
      break unless DelayedJob.where(:priority => 10).all.size > 0 
      Rails.logger.info " === !!!!!!  jobs: priority => 10 not done, now wait for 5 seconds"
      sleep 1
    end 
    Rails.logger.info "===(#{job_name}) done "
  end 
end

class DrinkWaterJob < Struct.new(:job_name)
  def perform
    Rails.logger.info "===(#{job_name}, #{self.class}) running"
    sleep_time = 5 + rand(5)
    sleep sleep_time
    Rails.logger.info "===(#{job_name}) after #{sleep_time} sleep, done "
  end 
end

然后，启动4个worker:
$ script/delayed_job -n 4 start

最后，我们要设置4个wait_job (对应4个worker) ：

(1..10).each do |i|
  Delayed::Job.enqueue DrinkWaterJob.new("drink#{i}"), :priority => 10
  Delayed::Job.enqueue EatFoodJob.new("eat#{i}"), :priority => 20
end
(1..4).each do |i|
  Delayed::Job.enqueue WaitJob.new("wait#{i}"), :priority => 15
end

最后，可以从日志中看出，所有的 eat_food( priority = 20 ) 都在 drink_water( priority = 10) 的任务之后执行了，没有越轨的行为。

[quote]===(drink1, DrinkWaterJob) running
===(drink2, DrinkWaterJob) running
===(drink3, DrinkWaterJob) running
===(drink4, DrinkWaterJob) running
===(drink3) after 7 sleep, done
===(drink5, DrinkWaterJob) running
===(drink2) after 8 sleep, done
===(drink6, DrinkWaterJob) running
===(drink1) after 9 sleep, done
===(drink7, DrinkWaterJob) running
===(drink4) after 9 sleep, done
===(drink8, DrinkWaterJob) running
===(drink6) after 7 sleep, done
===(drink5) after 8 sleep, done
===(drink9, DrinkWaterJob) running
===(drink10, DrinkWaterJob) running
===(drink7) after 7 sleep, done
===(wait1, WaitJob) running
=== !!!!!! jobs: priority => 10 not done, now wait for 5 seconds
=== !!!!!! jobs: priority => 10 not done, now wait for 5 seconds
===(drink8) after 8 sleep, done
===(wait2, WaitJob) running
=== !!!!!! jobs: priority => 10 not done, now wait for 5 seconds
=== !!!!!! jobs: priority => 10 not done, now wait for 5 seconds
=== !!!!!! jobs: priority => 10 not done, now wait for 5 seconds
=== !!!!!! jobs: priority => 10 not done, now wait for 5 seconds
=== !!!!!! jobs: priority => 10 not done, now wait for 5 seconds
=== !!!!!! jobs: priority => 10 not done, now wait for 5 seconds
=== !!!!!! jobs: priority => 10 not done, now wait for 5 seconds
=== !!!!!! jobs: priority => 10 not done, now wait for 5 seconds
===(drink9) after 6 sleep, done
===(wait3, WaitJob) running
=== !!!!!! jobs: priority => 10 not done, now wait for 5 seconds
=== !!!!!! jobs: priority => 10 not done, now wait for 5 seconds
=== !!!!!! jobs: priority => 10 not done, now wait for 5 seconds
=== !!!!!! jobs: priority => 10 not done, now wait for 5 seconds
=== !!!!!! jobs: priority => 10 not done, now wait for 5 seconds
=== !!!!!! jobs: priority => 10 not done, now wait for 5 seconds
=== !!!!!! jobs: priority => 10 not done, now wait for 5 seconds
=== !!!!!! jobs: priority => 10 not done, now wait for 5 seconds
=== !!!!!! jobs: priority => 10 not done, now wait for 5 seconds
=== !!!!!! jobs: priority => 10 not done, now wait for 5 seconds
===(drink10) after 9 sleep, done
===(wait4, WaitJob) running
===(wait4) done
===(eat1) running
===(wait2) done
===(eat2) running
===(wait1) done
===(eat3) running
===(wait3) done
===(eat4) running
===(eat1) after 1 sleep, done
===(eat5) running
===(eat4) after 3 sleep, done
===(eat6) running
===(eat3) after 4 sleep, done
===(eat7) running
===(eat5) after 4 sleep, done
===(eat8) running
===(eat2) after 5 sleep, done
===(eat9) running
===(eat7) after 3 sleep, done
===(eat10) running
===(eat8) after 3 sleep, done
===(eat6) after 5 sleep, done
===(eat9) after 5 sleep, done
===(eat10) after 3 sleep, done
[/quote]


如果不加入那4个wait_job, 就会看到， 在多个worker之下， 有些JOB 不是严格的按照priority来执行的。 这个非常姚明。。。见下面的日志：

(1..10).each do |i|
  Delayed::Job.enqueue DrinkWaterJob.new("drink#{i}"), :priority => 10
  Delayed::Job.enqueue EatFoodJob.new("eat#{i}"), :priority => 20
end

[quote]
===(drink1, DrinkWaterJob) running
===(drink2, DrinkWaterJob) running
===(drink3, DrinkWaterJob) running
===(drink4, DrinkWaterJob) running
===(drink1) after 8 sleep, done
===(drink5, DrinkWaterJob) running
===(drink2) after 8 sleep, done
===(drink6, DrinkWaterJob) running
===(drink3) after 8 sleep, done
===(drink7, DrinkWaterJob) running
===(drink4) after 7 sleep, done
===(drink8, DrinkWaterJob) running
===(drink5) after 6 sleep, done
===(drink9, DrinkWaterJob) running
===(drink8) after 5 sleep, done
===(drink10, DrinkWaterJob) running
===(drink7) after 8 sleep, done
===(eat1) running
===(drink6) after 9 sleep, done
===(eat2) running
===(drink9) after 5 sleep, done
===(eat3) running
===(eat1) after 2 sleep, done
===(eat4) running
===(eat4) after 2 sleep, done
===(eat5) running
===(eat3) after 4 sleep, done
===(eat6) running
===(eat2) after 5 sleep, done
===(eat7) running
===(drink10) after 9 sleep, done
===(eat8) running
===(eat7) after 2 sleep, done
===(eat9) running
===(eat6) after 3 sleep, done
===(eat8) after 1 sleep, done
===(eat10) running
===(eat5) after 4 sleep, done
===(eat9) after 1 sleep, done
===(eat10) after 2 sleep, done

[/quote]