JNA-JNI升级版

本文介绍了JNA技术,它是基于JNI的Java类库,允许直接访问动态链接库。JNA通过自动的数据类型映射,省去了JNI中手动编写C动态链接库的步骤。虽然可能带来轻微的性能损失,但方便了跨平台调用。文章详细讲解了JNA的编程过程,包括如何定义接口、加载库文件,并强调了跨平台调用的基本原则——尽量使用简单数据类型和减少数据传递。同时指出,尽管JNA强大,对于C语言调用Java代码的需求,仍需依赖JNI。
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四、JNA技术解密:

 JNA是建立在JNI技术基础之上的一个Java类库,它使您可以方便地使用java直接访问动态链接库中的函数。

原来使用JNI,你必须手工用C写一个动态链接库,在C语言中映射Java的数据类型。

JNA中,它提供了一个动态的C语言编写的转发器,可以自动实现JavaC的数据类型映射。你不再需要编写C动态链接库。

当然,这也意味着,使用JNA技术比使用JNI技术调用动态链接库会有些微的性能损失。可能速度会降低几倍。但影响不大。

Java—C和操作系统数据类型的对应表

Java Type

C Type

Native Representation

boolean

int

32-bit integer (customizable)

byte

char

8-bit integer

char

wchar_t

platform-dependent

short

short

16-bit integer

int

int

32-bit integer

long

long long, __int64

64-bit integer

float

float

32-bit floating point

double

double

64-bit floating point

注:下文中的 *** 代表文件名中的版本号。 # 【jna-***.jar中文文档.zip】 中包含: 中文文档:【jna-***-javadoc-API文档-中文(简体)版.zip】 jar包下载地址:【jna-***.jar下载地址(官方地址+国内镜像地址).txt】 Maven依赖:【jna-***.jar Maven依赖信息(可用于项目pom.xml).txt】 Gradle依赖:【jna-***.jar Gradle依赖信息(可用于项目build.gradle).txt】 源代码下载地址:【jna-***-sources.jar下载地址(官方地址+国内镜像地址).txt】 # 本文件关键字: jna-***.jar中文文档.zip,java,jna-***.jar,net.java.dev.jna,jna,***,com.sun.jna,jar包,Maven,第三方jar包,组件,开源组件,第三方组件,Gradle,中文API文档,手册,开发手册,使用手册,参考手册 # 使用方法: 解压 【jna-***.jar中文文档.zip】,再解压其中的 【jna-***-javadoc-API文档-中文(简体)版.zip】,双击 【index.html】 文件,即可用浏览器打开、进行查看。 # 特殊说明: ·本文档为人性化翻译,精心制作,请放心使用。 ·只翻译了该翻译的内容,如:注释、说明、描述、用法讲解 等; ·不该翻译的内容保持原样,如:类名、方法名、包名、类型、关键字、代码 等。 # 温馨提示: (1)为了防止解压后路径太长导致浏览器无法打开,推荐在解压时选择“解压到当前文件夹”(放心,自带文件夹,文件不会散落一地); (2)有时,一套Java组件会有多个jar,所以在下载前,请仔细阅读本篇描述,以确保这就是你需要的文件; # Maven依赖: ``` <dependency> <groupId>net.java.dev.jna</groupId> <artifactId>jna</artifactId> <version>***</version> </dependency> ``` # Gradle依赖: ``` Gradle: implementation group: 'net.java.dev.jna', name: 'jna', version: '***' Gradle (Short): implementation 'net.java.dev.jna:jna:***' Gradle (Kotlin): implementation("net.java.dev.jna:jna:***") ``` # 含有的 Java package(包)(此处仅列举3个): ``` com.sun.jna com.sun.jna.internal com.sun.jna.platform ...... ``` # 含有的 Java class(类)(此处仅列举3个): ``` com.sun.jna.AltCallingConvention com.sun.jna.Callback com.sun.jna.Callback.UncaughtExceptionHandler ...... ```
注:下文中的 *** 代表文件名中的版本号。 # 【jna-***.jar中文文档.zip】 中包含: 中文文档:【jna-***-javadoc-API文档-中文(简体)版.zip】 jar包下载地址:【jna-***.jar下载地址(官方地址+国内镜像地址).txt】 Maven依赖:【jna-***.jar Maven依赖信息(可用于项目pom.xml).txt】 Gradle依赖:【jna-***.jar Gradle依赖信息(可用于项目build.gradle).txt】 源代码下载地址:【jna-***-sources.jar下载地址(官方地址+国内镜像地址).txt】 # 本文件关键字: jna-***.jar中文文档.zip,java,jna-***.jar,net.java.dev.jna,jna,***,com.sun.jna,jar包,Maven,第三方jar包,组件,开源组件,第三方组件,Gradle,中文API文档,手册,开发手册,使用手册,参考手册 # 使用方法: 解压 【jna-***.jar中文文档.zip】,再解压其中的 【jna-***-javadoc-API文档-中文(简体)版.zip】,双击 【index.html】 文件,即可用浏览器打开、进行查看。 # 特殊说明: ·本文档为人性化翻译,精心制作,请放心使用。 ·只翻译了该翻译的内容,如:注释、说明、描述、用法讲解 等; ·不该翻译的内容保持原样,如:类名、方法名、包名、类型、关键字、代码 等。 # 温馨提示: (1)为了防止解压后路径太长导致浏览器无法打开,推荐在解压时选择“解压到当前文件夹”(放心,自带文件夹,文件不会散落一地); (2)有时,一套Java组件会有多个jar,所以在下载前,请仔细阅读本篇描述,以确保这就是你需要的文件; # Maven依赖: ``` <dependency> <groupId>net.java.dev.jna</groupId> <artifactId>jna</artifactId> <version>***</version> </dependency> ``` # Gradle依赖: ``` Gradle: implementation group: 'net.java.dev.jna', name: 'jna', version: '***' Gradle (Short): implementation 'net.java.dev.jna:jna:***' Gradle (Kotlin): implementation("net.java.dev.jna:jna:***") ``` # 含有的 Java package(包)(此处仅列举3个): ``` com.sun.jna com.sun.jna.internal com.sun.jna.platform ...... ``` # 含有的 Java class(类)(此处仅列举3个): ``` com.sun.jna.AltCallingConvention com.sun.jna.Callback com.sun.jna.Callback.UncaughtExceptionHandler ...... ```
Features Automatic mapping from Java to native functions, with simple mappings for all primitive data types Runs on most platforms which support Java Automatic conversion between C and Java strings, with customizable encoding/decoding Structure and Union arguments/return values, by reference and by value Function Pointers, (callbacks from native code to Java) as arguments and/or members of a struct Auto-generated Java proxies for native function pointers By-reference (pointer-to-type) arguments Java array and NIO Buffer arguments (primitive types and pointers) as pointer-to-buffer Nested structures and arrays Wide (wchar_t-based) strings Native long support (32- or 64-bit as appropriate) Demo applications/examples Supported on 1.4 or later JVMs, including JavaME (earlier VMs may work with stubbed NIO support) Customizable marshalling/unmarshalling (argument and return value conversions) Customizable mapping from Java method to native function name, and customizable invocation to simulate C preprocessor function macros Support for automatic Windows ASCII/UNICODE function mappings Varargs support Type-safety for native pointers VM crash protection (optional) Optimized direct mapping for high-performance applications. COM support for early and late binding. COM/Typelib java code generator. Community and Support All questions should be posted to the jna-users Google group. Issues can be submitted here on Github. When posting to the mailing list, please include the following: What OS/CPU/architecture you're using (e.g. Windows 7 64-bit) Reference to your native interface definitions (i.e. C headers), if available The JNA mapping you're trying to use VM crash logs, if any Example native usage, and your attempted Java usage It's nearly impossible to indicate proper Java usage when there's no native reference to work from. For commercial support, please contact twalljava [at] java [dot] net. Using the Library Getting Started Functional Description. Mapping between Java and Native Using Pointers and Arrays Using Structures and Unions Using By-Reference Arguments Customization of Type Mapping Callbacks/Function Pointers/Closures Dynamically Typed Languages (JRuby/Jython) Platform Library Direct Method Mapping (Optimization) Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Avoiding Crashes Primary Documentation (JavaDoc) The definitive JNA reference is in the JavaDoc. Developers Contributing to JNA Setting up a Windows Development Environment Setting up an Android Development Environment Setting up a RaspberryPi Development Environment Setting up a Mac Development Environment Releasing JNA Publishing to Maven Central Contributing You're encouraged to contribute to JNA. Fork the code from https://github.com/java-native-access/jna and submit pull requests. For more information on setting up a development environment see Contributing to JNA. If you are interested in paid support, feel free to say so on the jna-users mailing list. Most simple questions will be answered on the list, but more complicated work, new features or target platforms can be negotiated with any of the JNA developers (this is how several of JNA's features came into being). You may even encounter other users with the same need and be able to cost share the new development. License This library is licensed under the LGPL, version 2.1 or later, and (from version 4.0 onward) the Apache Software License, version 2.0. Commercial license arrangements are negotiable. NOTE: Oracle is not sponsoring this project, even though the package name (com.sun.jna) might imply otherwise.
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