MySQL高级 第9章关联查询优化

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9关联查询优化

1. 建表语句

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `class` (

`id` INT(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`card` INT(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`)

);

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `book` (

`bookid` INT(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`card` INT(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`bookid`)

);

 

INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO class(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

 

INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

INSERT INTO book(card) VALUES(FLOOR(1 + (RAND() * 20)));

 

 

2. 案例

2.1 left join

①EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM class LEFT JOIN book ON class.card = book.card;

②如何优化?在哪个表上建立索引?

ALTER TABLE `book` ADD INDEX  idx_card( `card`);

③删除book表的索引:drop index idx_card on book;

在class表上建立索引:alter table class add index idx_card(card);

结论:

①在优化关联查询时,只有在被驱动表上建立索引才有效!

②left join时,左侧的为驱动表,右侧为被驱动表!

 

2.2 inner join

①EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM book inner join class on class.card=book.card;

②两个查询字段调换顺序,发现结果也是一样的!

③在book表中,删除9条记录

④结论:inner join 时,mysql会自己帮你把小结果集的表选为驱动表。

⑤straight_join: 效果和inner join一样,但是会强制将左侧作为驱动表!

2.3 四个关联查询案例分析

EXPLAIN SELECT ed.name '人物',c.name '掌门' FROM

(SELECT e.name,d.ceo from t_emp e LEFT JOIN t_dept d on e.deptid=d.id) ed

 LEFT JOIN t_emp c on ed.ceo= c.id;

 

上述两个案例,第一个查询效率较高,且有优化的余地。第二个案例中,子查询作为被驱动表,由于子查询是虚表,无法建立索引,因此不能优化。

 

结论

子查询尽量不要放在被驱动表,有可能使用不到索引;

left join时,尽量让实体表作为被驱动表。

 

本教程由尚硅谷教育大数据研究院出品,如需转载请注明来源。

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