在开发中定义了一个抽象类,序列号抽象类的子类时,出现如下问题:
Could not create an instance of type TestJsonConvert.IDevice. Type is an interface or abstract class and cannot be instantiated.
解决方法:
在JsonSerializerSettings中设置TypeNameHandling 属性为TypeNameHandling.Auto即可。如下所示:
public abstract class Business
{
public string Name { get; set; }
}
public class Hotel : Business
{
public int Stars { get; set; }
}
public class Stockholder
{
public string FullName { get; set; }
public IList<Business> Businesses { get; set; }
}
Stockholder stockholder = new Stockholder
{
FullName = "Steve Stockholder",
Businesses = new List<Business>
{
new Hotel
{
Name = "Hudson Hotel",
Stars = 4
}
}
};
string jsonTypeNameAll = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(stockholder, Formatting.Indented, new JsonSerializerSettings
{
TypeNameHandling = TypeNameHandling.All
});
Console.WriteLine(jsonTypeNameAll);
// {
// "$type": "Newtonsoft.Json.Samples.Stockholder, Newtonsoft.Json.Tests",
// "FullName": "Steve Stockholder",
// "Businesses": {
// "$type": "System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[Newtonsoft.Json.Samples.Business, Newtonsoft.Json.Tests]], mscorlib",
// "$values": [
// {
// "$type": "Newtonsoft.Json.Samples.Hotel, Newtonsoft.Json.Tests",
// "Stars": 4,
// "Name": "Hudson Hotel"
// }
// ]
// }
// }
string jsonTypeNameAuto = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(stockholder, Formatting.Indented, new JsonSerializerSettings
{
TypeNameHandling = TypeNameHandling.Auto
});
Console.WriteLine(jsonTypeNameAuto);
// {
// "FullName": "Steve Stockholder",
// "Businesses": [
// {
// "$type": "Newtonsoft.Json.Samples.Hotel, Newtonsoft.Json.Tests",
// "Stars": 4,
// "Name": "Hudson Hotel"
// }
// ]
// }
// for security TypeNameHandling is required when deserializing
Stockholder newStockholder = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Stockholder>(jsonTypeNameAuto, new JsonSerializerSettings
{
TypeNameHandling = TypeNameHandling.Auto
});
Console.WriteLine(newStockholder.Businesses[0].GetType().Name);
// Hotel
总结
属性 | 值 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
None | 0 | 序列化类型时不要包含.NET类型名称。 |
Objects | 1 | 序列化为JSON对象结构时包括.NET类型名称。 |
Arrays | 2 | 序列化为JSON数组结构时包含.NET类型名称。 |
All | 3 | 始终在序列化时包含.NET类型名称。 |
Auto | 4 | 当序列化对象的类型与其声明的类型不同时,请包含.NET类型名称。请注意,默认情况下,这不包括根序列化对象。要在JSON中包含根对象的类型名称,必须使用SerializeObject(Object,Type,JsonSerializerSettings) 或Serialize(JsonWriter,Object,Type)指定根类型对象。 |