Oracle约束的4种状态小结

约束的4种状态:

disable novalidate 既不会约束新增数据也不会验证已有数据,等同于disable

enable novalidate 约束新增数据但不会验证已有数据

disable validate 约束新增数据但不会验证已有数据,启用后禁止DML

enable validate 约束新增数据并验证已有数据,等同于enable


扩展解释:

disable / enable 针对新增数据(对于唯一性约束,enable会自动创建唯一性索引,disable会自动drop索引);

novalidate / validate 针对已有数据。


测试:

Connected to Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0

Connected as system

SQL> drop table dept2;

Table dropped

SQL> create table dept2 as select * from scott.dept;

Table created

SQL> select * from dept2 order by deptno;

DEPTNO DNAME          LOC
------ -------------- -------------
    10 ACCOUNTING     NEW YORK
    20 RESEARCH       DALLAS
    30 SALES          CHICAGO
    40 OPERATIONS     BOSTON

SQL> alter table dept2 add constraint dept2_u1 unique(deptno);

Table altered

SQL> select index_name,table_name,uniqueness from dba_indexes where index_name = 'DEPT2_U1';

INDEX_NAME                     TABLE_NAME                     UNIQUENESS
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------
DEPT2_U1                       DEPT2                          UNIQUE

SQL> select constraint_name,status,validated from dba_constraints where constraint_name = 'DEPT2_U1';

CONSTRAINT_NAME                STATUS   VALIDATED
------------------------------ -------- -------------
DEPT2_U1                       ENABLED  VALIDATED

SQL> insert into dept2(deptno) values(10);

insert into dept2(deptno) values(10)

ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.DEPT2_U1) violated

SQL> select * from dept2 order by deptno;

DEPTNO DNAME          LOC
------ -------------- -------------
    10 ACCOUNTING     NEW YORK
    20 RESEARCH       DALLAS
    30 SALES          CHICAGO
    40 OPERATIONS     BOSTON

SQL> alter table dept2 modify constraint dept2_u1 disable novalidate;

Table altered

SQL> select index_name,table_name,uniqueness from dba_indexes where index_name = 'DEPT2_U1';

INDEX_NAME                     TABLE_NAME                     UNIQUENESS

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------

(disable自动移除索引)

SQL> select constraint_name,status,validated from dba_constraints where constraint_name = 'DEPT2_U1';

CONSTRAINT_NAME                STATUS   VALIDATED
------------------------------ -------- -------------
DEPT2_U1                       DISABLED NOT VALIDATED

SQL> insert into dept2(deptno) values(10);

1 row inserted

SQL> select * from dept2 order by deptno;

DEPTNO DNAME          LOC
------ -------------- -------------
    10 ACCOUNTING     NEW YORK
    10               
    20 RESEARCH       DALLAS
    30 SALES          CHICAGO
    40 OPERATIONS     BOSTON

SQL> alter table dept2 modify constraint dept2_u1 enable novalidate;

alter table dept2 modify constraint dept2_u1 enable novalidate

ORA-02299: cannot validate (SYSTEM.DEPT2_U1) - duplicate keys found
(因为enable会去创建唯一性索引,而已有数据deptno存在重复数据10,所以这里不能enable)

SQL> delete from dept2 where deptno=10 and dname is null;

1 row deleted

SQL> alter table dept2 modify constraint dept2_u1 enable novalidate;

Table altered

SQL> select index_name,table_name,uniqueness from dba_indexes where index_name = 'DEPT2_U1';

INDEX_NAME                     TABLE_NAME                     UNIQUENESS
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------

DEPT2_U1                       DEPT2                          UNIQUE

(enable会自动创建唯一性索引)


SQL> select constraint_name,status,validated from dba_constraints where constraint_name = 'DEPT2_U1';

CONSTRAINT_NAME                STATUS   VALIDATED
------------------------------ -------- -------------
DEPT2_U1                       ENABLED  NOT VALIDATED

SQL> insert into dept2(deptno) values(10);

insert into dept2(deptno) values(10)

ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.DEPT2_U1) violated

SQL> alter table dept2 modify constraint dept2_u1 disable validate;

Table altered

SQL> select index_name,table_name,uniqueness from dba_indexes where index_name = 'DEPT2_U1';

INDEX_NAME                     TABLE_NAME                     UNIQUENESS
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------

SQL> select constraint_name,status,validated from dba_constraints where constraint_name = 'DEPT2_U1';

CONSTRAINT_NAME                STATUS   VALIDATED
------------------------------ -------- -------------
DEPT2_U1                       DISABLED VALIDATED

SQL> insert into dept2(deptno) values(10);

insert into dept2(deptno) values(10)

ORA-25128: No insert/update/delete on table with constraint (SYSTEM.DEPT2_U1) disabled and validated

(disable validate后禁止DML)


SQL> select * from dept2 order by deptno;

DEPTNO DNAME          LOC
------ -------------- -------------
    10 ACCOUNTING     NEW YORK
    20 RESEARCH       DALLAS
    30 SALES          CHICAGO
    40 OPERATIONS     BOSTON

SQL> alter table dept2 modify constraint dept2_u1 enable validate;

Table altered

SQL> select index_name,table_name,uniqueness from dba_indexes where index_name = 'DEPT2_U1';

INDEX_NAME                     TABLE_NAME                     UNIQUENESS
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------
DEPT2_U1                       DEPT2                          UNIQUE

SQL> select constraint_name,status,validated from dba_constraints where constraint_name = 'DEPT2_U1';

CONSTRAINT_NAME                STATUS   VALIDATED
------------------------------ -------- -------------
DEPT2_U1                       ENABLED  VALIDATED

SQL> insert into dept2(deptno) values(10);

insert into dept2(deptno) values(10)

ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.DEPT2_U1) violated

SQL> select * from dept2 order by deptno;

DEPTNO DNAME          LOC
------ -------------- -------------
    10 ACCOUNTING     NEW YORK
    20 RESEARCH       DALLAS
    30 SALES          CHICAGO
    40 OPERATIONS     BOSTON

SQL>


REF: <<Expert Oracle Database 11g Administration>> Page 308, Integrity Constraint States

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