ios_CoreData

CoreData基本概述:

CoreData:把model存在面向对象的数据库(可以存在本地),常用于存取数据以及复查查询等,它通用于ios&Mac os.

property list:包含六种常用类,分别为[NSArray,NSDictionary,NSNumber,NSString,NSData],这六种类的Model可以存储在本地.

在Xcode中通过Add Entity 去添加:Attributes(属性),Relationships(关系:从属关系/一对一/一对多),Fetched properties(查询获取),然后用Entity去Create NSManagedObject subClass,即创建了对应Model.

基本介绍及Method:

一:NSManagedDocument

1.NSManagedDocument:继承于NSDocument,提供了用于管理存储的方法,用于访问CoreData.

NSManagedDocument对象初始化方法:

UIManagedDocument *aDocument = [[UIManagedDocument alloc] initWithFileURL:(NSURL *)url;

BOOL fileExists = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] fileExistsAtPath:[url path]];//右边:取指定路径文件,然后用(BOOL  fileExists)判断文件是否存在.

if (fileExists) {

[aDocument openWithCompletionHandler:^(BOOL success) {

if (success) [self documentIsReady];
if (!success) NSLog(@"couldn't open document at %@",url);

}];

} else {

//在上面路径下去添加一个文件;

[self saveToURL:(NSString *)url 

forSaveOperation:UIDocumentSaveForCreating 

completionHandler:^(BOOL success) {   

if (success) [self documentIsReady];

if (!success) NSLog(@"couldn't create document at %@ ",url);

                }];//回调:执行完上面后取执行Block;

- (void)documentIsReady

{

if(self.document.documentState == UIDocumentStateNormal) {

NSManagedObjectContext *context = self.document.managedObjectContext;

//start using Document;

}

}

注意:

documentStates:

UIDocumentStateClosed

UIDocumentStateSavingError

UIDocumentStateEditingDisabled

UiDocumentStateInConflict

2.NSManagedDocument会对创建的document(文件)自动保存,也可以手动,即下面的方法:

//该方法属于异步操作,在A线程上执行该方法时会自动创建一个B线程去执行,然后completionHandler回调到A线程去执行;

- (void)saveToURL:(NSString *)url 

    forSaveOperation:UIDocumentSaveForOverwriting 

completionHandler:^(BOOL success) {     };

关闭文件:

- (void)closeWithCompletionHandler:^(BOOL success) {   };

3.UIManagedDocument的多个Entity之间不共享context,可以同NSNotificationController机制取获取改变通知.

二 :Context

NSManagedObjectContext:继承于UIDocument,它相当于CoreData的中心枢纽,可以用它对数据库中的对象进行增/删/该/查.

1.增:用context往Document文件插入对象:

NSManagedObjectContext  *context = aDocument.managedObjectContext;

NSManagedObject *photo = [NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"photo"

inManagedObjectContext:context];

photo.title = [flickrData objectForKey:FLICKR_PHOTO_TITLE];//设置photo的title属性;

怎么访问Document文件里的对象呢?如果Document里面存储的Entity对象是NSDictionary类型的,可以:

- (id) valueForKey:(NSString *)key;

- (void) setValue:(id)value  forKey:(NSString *)key;

或:

- (id)valueForKeyPath:(NSIndexPath *)path;

- (void)setValue:(id)value  forKeyPath:(NSIndexPath *)path;

2.删:删除对象

for example:

[aDocument.managedObjectContext  deleteObject:photo];//如果有strong指针指向被删除的对象时,要记得把对象置为nil;

在删除前想要更新数据或做其他处理,可以利用Category添加方法:

for example:

@implementation Photo(Deletion)

- (void)prepareForDeletion

{

//do something you want;

}

三:NSFetchRequest

NSFetchRequest(取所需的对象):

设置:

1.Entity(对应的实体);

2.NSSortDescription(对取回的数组对象进行排序);

3.NSPredicate(查询条件).

for example:

NSRequest *request = [NSFetchRequest fetchRequestWithEntityName:@"Photo"];

request.fetchBathSize = 20;//一次取20个对象;

request.fetchLimit = 100;//最大取对象数量限制;

request.sortDescriptors = @[sortDescriptor];//排序方式;

request.predicate= ...     //查询条件(如果不指定查询条件,那边系统会无限制的获取对象).

//定义sortDescriptor:

NSSortDescription *sortDescriptor = [NSSortDescription sortDescriptorWithKey:@"title"

   ascending:YES

        selector:@slector(sort:)];//执行@slector(sort:)进行排序;

NSPredicate(查询条件)

for example:

NSString *serverName = @"flickr";

NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"thumbnailURL contains %@",serverName];//把包含serverName的对象都取出来;

可以组合查询条件:NSCompoundPredicate

for example:

NSArray *array = @[predicate1,predicate2];

NSPredicate *predicate = [NSCompoundPredicate andPredicateWithSubpredicates:array];//and表示两个查询条件都满足;

for example:

NSFetchRequest *request = [NSFetchRequest fetchRequestWithEntityName:@"Photographer"];

NSData *yesterday = [NSData dataWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:-24*60*60];//指定时间:24小时;

request.predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"any photos.uploadData > %@",yesterday];

request.sortDescriptors = @[[NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"name" ascend ascending:YES]];

NSManagedObjectContext *context = aDocument.managedObjectContext;

NSError *error;

NSArray *photographers = [context executeFetchRequest:request error:&error];//增/删/改/查 都是通过context来执行的;

注意:数组里面的对象并没有实际获取过来,当访问其属性时才算真正取过来;