什么是spring,它能够做什么?
Spring是一个开源框架,它由Rod Johnson创建。它是为了解决企业应用开发的复杂性而创建的。Spring使用基本的JavaBean来完成以前只可能由EJB完成的事情。然而,Spring的用途不仅限于服务器端的开发。从简单性、可测试性和松耦合的角度而言,任何Java应用都可以从Spring中受益。
目的:解决企业应用开发的复杂性
功能:使用基本的JavaBean代替EJB,并提供了更多的企业应用功能
范围:任何Java应用
简单来说,Spring是一个轻量级的控制反转(IoC)和面向切面(AOP)的容器框架。
什么是控制反转(或依赖注入)?
控制反转(IoC=Inversion of Control)IoC,用白话来讲,就是由容器控制程序之间的(依赖)关系,而非传统实现中,由程序代码直接操控。这也就是所谓“控制反转”的概念所在:(依赖)控制权由应用中转到了外部容器,控制权的转移,是所谓反转。IoC还有一个另外的名字:“依赖注(DI=Dependency Injection)” ,即由容器动态的将某种依赖关系注入到组件之中.
spring管理bean的注入方式:
构造注入
set注入
自动装配
代码实例:
pom.xml中导入spring依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 2、导入spring依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 5.1、junit -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 5.2、servlet -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>${javax.servlet.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
如何在spring当中定义和配置一个JavaBean(使用无参构造方法+set方法创建一个JavaBean) 3.1 id:在容器中查找Bean的id(唯一、且不能以/开头)
class:bean的完整类名
name:在容器中查找Bean的名字(唯一、允许以/开头、允许多个值,多个值之间用逗号或空格隔开)
scope:(singleton|prototype)默认是singleton
singleton(单例模式):在每个Spring IoC容器中一个bean定义对应一个对象实例
prototype(原型模式/多例模式):一个bean定义对应多个对象实例
abstract:将一个bean定义成抽象bean(抽象bean是不能实例化的),抽象类一定要定义成抽象bean,非抽象类也可以定义成抽象bean
parent:指定一个父bean(必须要有继承关系才行)
init-method:指定bean的初始化方法
constructor-arg:使用有参数构造方法创建javaBean
spring-context.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
<bean id="userBiz" class="com.luochangfu.ioc.biz.impl.UserBizImpl1"></bean>
<bean id="userAction" class="com.luochangfu.ioc.web.UserAction">
<!-- <property name="uid" value="22"></property> <property name="uname"
value="zs"></property> -->
<property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property>
<constructor-arg name="uid" value="22"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="uname" value="zs"></constructor-arg>
<property name="hobby">
<list>
<value>篮球</value>
<value>RAp</value>
<value>奥迪</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
UserAction
package com.luochangfu.ioc.web;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import com.luochangfu.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
import com.luochangfu.ioc.biz.impl.UserBizImpl2;
/**
* 弊端:
* 当需求变化非常快的时候,不便于维护,因为维护的权利是属于程序员的
*
* spring的ioc就是解决这一问题的
* 将维护的权利由程序员转交给spring容器来完成
*
* 1、spring管理bean的方式(注入方式)
* set注入
* 基本数据类型
* 引用数据类型
* 构造注入
* 自动装配
* @author 226罗长富
*
*/
public class UserAction {
private UserBiz userBiz;
private int uid;
private String uname;
private List<String> hobby = new ArrayList<String>();
/*public int getUid() {
return uid;
}
public void setUid(int uid) {
this.uid = uid;
}
public String getUname() {
return uname;
}
public void setUname(String uname) {
this.uname = uname;
}*/
public List<String> getHobby() {
return hobby;
}
public UserBiz getUserBiz() {
return userBiz;
}
public void setUserBiz(UserBiz userBiz) {
this.userBiz = userBiz;
}
public UserAction() {
super();
}
public UserAction(int uid, String uname) {
super();
this.uid = uid;
this.uname = uname;
}
public void setHobby(List<String> hobby) {
this.hobby = hobby;
}
/**
* set注入
*/
public void test1() {
System.out.println("uid:"+this.uid);
System.out.println("uname:"+this.uname);
System.out.println("hobby:"+this.hobby);
}
/**
* 构造注入
*/
public void test2() {
}
/**
* 测试注入引用数据类型
*/
public void test3() {
userBiz.read();
}
}
UserBiz
package com.luochangfu.ioc.biz;
/**
*
* @author 226罗长富
*
*/
public interface UserBiz {
public void read();
}
UserBizImpl1
package com.luochangfu.ioc.biz.impl;
import com.luochangfu.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
public class UserBizImpl1 implements UserBiz{
@Override
public void read() {
System.out.println("死记硬背");
}
}
UserBizImpl2
package com.luochangfu.ioc.biz.impl;
import com.luochangfu.ioc.biz.UserBiz;
public class UserBizImpl2 implements UserBiz{
@Override
public void read() {
System.out.println("举一反三");
}
}
package com.luochangfu.ioc.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.luochangfu.ioc.web.UserAction;
/**
* 模拟浏览器发请求请求后台
* @author 226罗长富
*
*/
public class Demo1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// UserAction userAction = new UserAction();
// userAction.test3();
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
UserAction bean = (UserAction) context.getBean("userAction");
// bean.test1();
bean.test3();
}
}
如何将spring的上下文交给Tomcat上下文进行管理
SpringLoadListener
package com.luochangfu.ioc.test;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
/**
* 如何将spring的上下文交给Tomcat上下文进行管理
*
* 目前工程中的所有Javabean都交给spring进行管理,那么浏览器发送请求,请求的是Tomcat
* 由Tomcat来处理请求,Tomcat处理请求一般来说都要访问数据库,数据库是由dao层访问的,dao层的实体类
* 又是交给spring的上下文管理,那就意味着,Tomcat要处理请求,必须拿到spring的上下文,才能拿到
* dao的Javabean
* @author 226罗长富
*
*/
@WebListener
public class SpringLoadListener implements ServletContextListener {
private String springXmlLocation="";
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
System.out.println("监听了Tomcat的启动");
ServletContext servletContext = sce.getServletContext();
springXmlLocation = servletContext.getInitParameter("springXmlLocation");
if(null==springXmlLocation || "".equals(springXmlLocation)) {
springXmlLocation = "/spring-context.xml";
}
System.out.println("springXmlLocation"+springXmlLocation);
ApplicationContext springContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml");
servletContext.setAttribute("SPRING_CONTEXT_KEY", springContext);
}
}
UserServlet
package com.luochangfu.ioc.test;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import com.luochangfu.ioc.web.UserAction;
@WebServlet("/user")
public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext servletContext = req.getServletContext();
ApplicationContext springContext = (ApplicationContext) servletContext.getAttribute("SPRING_CONTEXT_KEY");
UserAction bean = (UserAction) springContext.getBean("userAction");
bean.test3();
}
}
web.xml
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<context-param>
<param-name>springXmlLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/spring-other.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
</web-app>