Hadoop支持的文件格式之Text

0x00 文章内容

1. Text格式概念
2. 编码实现
3. 校验结果
4. 可能出现的问题解决

Hadoop支持的四种常用的文件格式：Text(csv)、Parquet、Avro以及SequenceFile，非常关键！

0x01 Text格式概念

1. Text是啥

普通的文档格式，txt格式。

0x02 编码实现

1. 写文件完整代码

package com.shaonaiyi.hadoop.filetype.text;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.*;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.TextOutputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.task.JobContextImpl;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.task.TaskAttemptContextImpl;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @Author shaonaiyi@163.com
 * @Date 2019/12/17 11:20
 * @Description Hadoop支持的文件格式之写Text
 */
public class MRTextFileWriter {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {
        
        //1 构建一个job实例
        Configuration hadoopConf = new Configuration();
        Job job = Job.getInstance(hadoopConf);

        //2 设置job的相关属性
        job.setOutputKeyClass(NullWritable.class);
        job.setOutputValueClass(Text.class);
        job.setOutputFormatClass(TextOutputFormat.class);

        //3 设置输出路径
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path("hdfs://master:9999/user/hadoop-sny/mr/filetype/text"));

        //FileOutputFormat.setCompressOutput(job, true);
        //FileOutputFormat.setOutputCompressorClass(job, GzipCodec.class);

        //4 构建JobContext
        JobID jobID = new JobID("jobId", 123);
        JobContext jobContext = new JobContextImpl(job.getConfiguration(), jobID);

        //5 构建taskContext
        TaskAttemptID attemptId = new TaskAttemptID("jobTrackerId", 123, TaskType.REDUCE, 0, 0);
        TaskAttemptContext hadoopAttemptContext = new TaskAttemptContextImpl(job.getConfiguration(), attemptId);

        //6 构建OutputFormat实例
        OutputFormat format = job.getOutputFormatClass().newInstance();

        //7 设置OutputCommitter
        OutputCommitter committer = format.getOutputCommitter(hadoopAttemptContext);
        committer.setupJob(jobContext);
        committer.setupTask(hadoopAttemptContext);

        //8 获取writer写数据，写完关闭writer
        RecordWriter<NullWritable, Text> writer = format.getRecordWriter(hadoopAttemptContext);
        
        writer.write(null, new Text("shao"));
        writer.write(null, new Text("nai"));
        writer.write(null, new Text("yi"));
        writer.write(null, new Text("bigdata-man"));
        
        writer.close(hadoopAttemptContext);

        //9 committer提交job和task
        committer.commitTask(hadoopAttemptContext);
        committer.commitJob(jobContext);

    }

}

2. 读文件完整代码

package com.shaonaiyi.hadoop.filetype.text;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.*;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.TextInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.task.JobContextImpl;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.task.TaskAttemptContextImpl;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.function.Consumer;

/**
 * @Author shaonaiyi@163.com
 * @Date 2019/12/17 11:38
 * @Description Hadoop支持的文件格式之读Text
 */
public class MRTextFileReader {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException {
        //1 构建一个job实例
        Configuration hadoopConf = new Configuration();

        Job job = Job.getInstance(hadoopConf);

        //2 设置需要读取的文件全路径
        FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, "hdfs://master:9999/user/hadoop-sny/mr/filetype/text");

        //3 获取读取文件的格式
        TextInputFormat inputFormat = TextInputFormat.class.newInstance();

        //4 获取需要读取文件的数据块的分区信息
        //4.1 获取文件被分成多少数据块了
        JobID jobID = new JobID("jobId", 123);
        JobContext jobContext = new JobContextImpl(job.getConfiguration(), jobID);

        List<InputSplit> inputSplits = inputFormat.getSplits(jobContext);

        //读取每一个数据块的数据
        inputSplits.forEach(new Consumer<InputSplit>() {
            @Override
            public void accept(InputSplit inputSplit) {
                TaskAttemptID attemptId = new TaskAttemptID("jobTrackerId", 123, TaskType.MAP, 0, 0);
                TaskAttemptContext hadoopAttemptContext = new TaskAttemptContextImpl(job.getConfiguration(), attemptId);
                RecordReader reader = inputFormat.createRecordReader(inputSplit, hadoopAttemptContext);
                try {
                    reader.initialize(inputSplit, hadoopAttemptContext);
                    System.out.println("<key,value>");
                    System.out.println("-----------");
                    while (reader.nextKeyValue()) {
                        System.out.println("<"+reader.getCurrentKey() + "," + reader.getCurrentValue()+ ">" );
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });

    }

}

0x03 校验结果

1. 启动集群

a. 启动HDFS集群，
start-dfs.sh

PS：如不启动会处于一个卡死状态

Exception in thread "main" java.net.ConnectException: Call From shaonaiyi/192.168.98.205 to master:9999 failed on connection exception: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: no further information; For more details see:  http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/ConnectionRefused

2. 执行写Text文件格式代码

a. 直接在Win上执行，如无报错，去集群查看结果：

hadoop fs -ls hdfs://master:9999/user/hadoop-sny/mr/filetype
hadoop fs -cat hdfs://master:9999/user/hadoop-sny/mr/filetype/text/*

PS：如果报权限错误：

Exception in thread "main" org.apache.hadoop.security.AccessControlException: Permission denied: user=Administrator, access=WRITE, inode="/user/hadoop-sny":hadoop-sny:supergroup:drwxr-xr-x

解决方案：需要去集群里修改权限

hadoop fs -mkdir -p hdfs://master:9999/user/hadoop-sny/mr/filetype
hadoop fs -chmod 757 hdfs://master:9999/user/hadoop-sny/mr/filetype

3. 执行读Text文件格式代码

a. 可得如下结果

System.out.println("<"+reader.getCurrentKey() + "," + reader.getCurrentValue()+ ">" );

reader.getCurrentKey()为偏移量，每一行的起始值
reader.getCurrentValue()为具体的值
与MapReduce单词计数例子时一样。

0x04 可能出现的问题解决

1. 类无法导入

请参考文章：“Usage of API documented as @since 1.8+”报错的解决办法

0xFF 总结

1. Hadoop支持的文件格式系列：
   Hadoop支持的文件格式之Text
   Hadoop支持的文件格式之Avro
   Hadoop支持的文件格式之Parquet
   Hadoop支持的文件格式之SequenceFile
2. 项目实战中，文章：网站用户行为分析项目之会话切割（二）中使用的存储格式是Parquet。

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作者简介：邵奈一
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