一、数据模型分析
1、分析
(1)明确每张表存储的信息
(2)明确每张表中关键字段(主键、外键、非空)
(3)明确数据库中表与表之间的外键关系
(4)明确业务中表与表的关系(建立在具体的业务)
2、分析图解
(1)图解:
二、一对一映射
1、需求分析
(1)需求:查询订单信息,关联查询用户信息
(2)sql:主信息:orders;从信息:user
SELECT
orders.id,
orders.user_id,
orders.number,
user.username,
user.sex
FROM orders,
USER
WHERE orders.user_id = user.id
2、resultType
(1)创建扩展类
public class OrderExt extends Orders{
private String username;
private String sex;
}
(2)映射文件
<!-- 一对一映射之resultType -->
<select id="findOrdersAndUser" resultType="com.san.model.OrderExt">
SELECT
orders.id,
orders.user_id,
orders.number,
user.username,
user.sex
FROM orders,
USER
WHERE orders.user_id = user.id
</select>
(3)mapper接口
//一对一之ResultType
public List<OrderExt> findOrdersAndUser();
(4)测试
@Test
//一对一resultType
public void Test01() throws IOException{
String resource="SqlMapConfig.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//创建mapper对象
OrdersMapper ordersMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(OrdersMapper.class);
//执行查询语句
List<OrderExt> orders=ordersMapper.findOrdersAndUser();
System.out.println(orders);
//关闭资源
sqlSession.close();
}
(5)小结
使用resultType来进行一对一结果映射,查询出的列的个数和映射的属性的个数要一致。而且映射的属性要存在与一个大的对象中,它是一种平铺式的映射,即数据库查询出多少条记录,则映射成多少个对象。
3、resultMap
(1)修改扩展类
(2)映射文件
<!-- OrdersAndUserResMap -->
<resultMap type="com.san.model.OrderExt" id="OrdersAndUserResMap">
<!-- 订单信息 -->
<id column="id" property="id"/>
<result column="user_id" property="userId"/>
<result column="number" property="number"/>
<!-- 用户信息(一对一) -->
<!-- association:一对一关联映射 -->
<!-- property:关联信息查询的结果将要映射的扩展类中的对象属性名称 -->
<!-- id标签:建议在关联查询时必须写上,不写不会报错,但是会影响性能 -->
<association property="user" javaType="com.san.model.User">
<id column="user_id" property="id"/>
<result column="username" property="username"/>
<result column="sex" property="sex"/>
</association>
</resultMap>
<!-- 一对一映射之resultMap -->
<select id="findOrdersAndUserResMap" resultMap="OrdersAndUserResMap">
SELECT
orders.id,
orders.user_id,
orders.number,
user.username,
user.sex
FROM orders,
USER
WHERE orders.user_id = user.id
</select>
(3)mapper接口
//一对一之ResultMap
public List<OrderExt> findOrdersAndUserResMap();
(4)测试
@Test
//一对一resultMap
public void Test02() throws IOException{
String resource="SqlMapConfig.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//创建mapper对象
OrdersMapper ordersMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(OrdersMapper.class);
//执行查询语句
List<OrderExt> orders=ordersMapper.findOrdersAndUserResMap();
System.out.println(orders);
//关闭资源
sqlSession.close();
}
(5)小结
在一对一结果映射时,使用resultType更加简单方便,如果有特殊要求(对象嵌套对象)时,需要使用resultMap进行映射,比如:查询订单列表,然后在点击列表中的查看订单明细按钮,这个时候就需要使用resultMap进行结果映射。而resultType更适应于查询明细信息,比如,查询订单明细列表。
三、一对多映射
1、需求分析
(1)需求:查询订单信息,关联查询订单明细信息及用户信息
(2)sql:主信息:orders;从信息:orderdetail、user
SELECT
orders.id,
orders.user_id,
orders.number,
user.username,
user.sex,
orderdetail.id detailId,
orderdetail.items_id,
orderdetail.items_num
FROM orders,
USER,
orderdetail
WHERE orders.user_id = user.id
AND orders.id = orderdetail.orders_id
2、修改扩展类
3、映射文件
<!-- OrdersAndDetailRstMap -->
<!-- extends:可以继承一个已有的resultMap,指定resultMap的唯一标识(返回类型要一致,才能继承) -->
<resultMap type="com.san.model.OrderExt" id="OrdersAndDetailRstMap" extends="OrdersAndUserResMap">
<!-- collection:映射一对多关系 -->
<!-- 多对一时:使用ofType,不使用javaType -->
<collection property="detailList" ofType="com.san.model.Orderdetail">
<id column="detailId" property="id"/>
<result column="items_id" property="itemsId"/>
<result column="items_num" property="itemsNum"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<!-- 一对多映射 -->
<select id="findOrdersAndDetailRstMap" resultMap="OrdersAndDetailRstMap">
SELECT
orders.id,
orders.user_id,
orders.number,
user.username,
user.sex,
orderdetail.id detailId,
orderdetail.items_id,
orderdetail.items_num
FROM orders,
USER,
orderdetail
WHERE orders.user_id = user.id
AND orders.id = orderdetail.orders_id
</select>
4、mapper接口
//一对多之ResultMap
public List<OrderExt> findOrdersAndDetailRstMap();
5、测试
@Test
//一对多resultMap
public void Test03() throws IOException{
String resource="SqlMapConfig.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//创建mapper对象
OrdersMapper ordersMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(OrdersMapper.class);
//执行查询语句
List<OrderExt> orders=ordersMapper.findOrdersAndDetailRstMap();
System.out.println(orders);
//关闭资源
sqlSession.close();
}
四、多对多映射
1、需求分析
(1)需求:查询用户信息,关联查询该用户购买的商品信息
(2)sql:主信息:user;从信息:items、orders、orderdetail
SELECT
orders.id,
orders.user_id,
orders.number,
user.username,
user.sex,
orderdetail.id detailId,
orderdetail.items_id,
orderdetail.items_num,
items.name,
items.price
FROM orders,
USER,
orderdetail,
items
WHERE orders.user_id = user.id
AND orders.id = orderdetail.orders_id
AND orderdetail.items_id = items.id
2、修改扩展类
注意:为了显示方便,泛型加了“”
(1)在User类中添加List<“Orders”> orders
(2)在Orders类中添加List<“Orderdetail”> detailList
(3)在Orderdetail中添加Items items;
3、映射文件
<!-- UserAndItemsRstMap -->
<resultMap type="com.san.model.User" id="UserAndItemsRstMap">
<!-- 用户信息 -->
<id column="user_id" property="id"/>
<result column="username" property="username"/>
<result column="sex" property="sex"/>
<!-- 订单信息(一对多) -->
<collection property="orders" ofType="com.san.model.Orders">
<id column="id" property="id"/>
<result column="user_id" property="userId"/>
<result column="number" property="number"/>
<!-- 订单明细信息(一对多) -->
<collection property="detailList" ofType="com.san.model.Orderdetail">
<id column="detailId" property="id"/>
<result column="items_id" property="itemsId"/>
<result column="items_num" property="itemsNum"/>
<!-- 商品信息(一对一) -->
<association property="items" javaType="com.san.model.Items">
<id column="items_id" property="id"/>
<result column="name" property="name"/>
<result column="price" property="price"/>
</association>
</collection>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<!-- 多对多映射 -->
<select id="findUserAndItemsRstMap" resultMap="UserAndItemsRstMap">
SELECT
orders.id,
orders.user_id,
orders.number,
user.username,
user.sex,
orderdetail.id detailId,
orderdetail.items_id,
orderdetail.items_num,
items.name,
items.price
FROM orders,
USER,
orderdetail,
items
WHERE orders.user_id = user.id
AND orders.id = orderdetail.orders_id
AND orderdetail.items_id = items.id
</select>
4、mapper接口
//多对多之ResultMap
public List<User> findUserAndItemsRstMap();
5、测试
@Test
//多对多resultMap
public void Test04() throws IOException{
String resource="SqlMapConfig.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//创建mapper对象
OrdersMapper ordersMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(OrdersMapper.class);
//执行查询语句
List<User> userList=ordersMapper.findUserAndItemsRstMap();
System.out.println(userList);
//关闭资源
sqlSession.close();
}