103- Oracle Linux 9.6(本地 YUM 源)上tar包安装 MySQL 8.4.5 LTS

业务侧需要一个MySQL实例，基于用新不用旧的原则。在新的 Oracle Linux 9.6 上安装 MySQL 8.4.5 LTS版本。由于是隔离环境，环境使用本地 YUM 源 ， 数据目录规划在/data/mysql；安装iso在/home下

1. 准备本地 YUM 源

# 挂载 ISO
sudo mkdir -p /media/ol9-iso
sudo mount -o loop /home/OracleLinux-9.6.iso /media/ol9-iso

# 创建本地源配置
sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/ol9-local.repo > /dev/null <<'EOF'
[ol9-local-baseos]
name=Oracle Linux 9.6 BaseOS
baseurl=file:///media/ol9-iso/BaseOS
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

[ol9-local-appstream]
name=Oracle Linux 9.6 AppStream
baseurl=file:///media/ol9-iso/AppStream
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
EOF

# 禁用所有网络源
sudo find /etc/yum.repos.d/ -type f -name "*.repo" -not -name "ol9-local.repo" -exec mv {} {}.bak \;

# 刷新缓存
sudo yum clean all
sudo yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="ol9-local-*" makecache

2. 安装依赖包

# 安装基础依赖
sudo yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="ol9-local-*" install -y \
    libaio \
    libaio-devel \
    tar \
    perl-Data-Dumper \
    numactl-devel \
    ncurses\*     # 使用通配符安装所有ncurses相关包

# 验证ncurses安装
rpm -qa | grep ncurses

ncurses-base-6.2-10.20210508.el9.noarch
ncurses-libs-6.2-10.20210508.el9.x86_64
ncurses-6.2-10.20210508.el9.x86_64
ncurses-c++-libs-6.2-10.20210508.el9.x86_64
ncurses-devel-6.2-10.20210508.el9.x86_64
ncurses-term-6.2-10.20210508.el9.noarch

3. 创建 MySQL 用户和目录

# 创建用户组
sudo groupadd mysql
sudo useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

# 创建数据目录
sudo mkdir -p /data/mysql
sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
sudo chmod 750 /data/mysql

 4. 安装 MySQL 8.4.5

# 下载 MySQL
cd /home
--隔离环境，自行下载后upload
--sudo wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.4/mysql-8.4.5-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz

# 解压到安装目录
sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql
sudo tar -xvf mysql-8.4.5-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz -C /usr/local/mysql --strip-components=1
sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

 5. 配置环境变量

sudo tee /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh > /dev/null <<'EOF'
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
EOF
source /etc/profile

6. 创建 MySQL 配置文件 

sudo tee /etc/my.cnf > /dev/null <<'EOF'
[mysqld]
# 目录设置
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid

# 网络设置
port=3306
bind-address=0.0.0.0

# 字符集
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci

# 日志
log-error=/data/mysql/error.log

# 内存配置
innodb_buffer_pool_size=1G
max_connections=1000

# 其他设置
default-storage-engine=InnoDB
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=1
skip-name-resolve

[mysql]
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
EOF

7. 初始化 MySQL 

sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld \
    --initialize-insecure \
    --user=mysql \
    --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
    --datadir=/data/mysql

 8. 创建 Systemd 服务

sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service > /dev/null <<'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
After=network.target

[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
ExecStop=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root shutdown
Restart=always
RestartSec=3
LimitNOFILE=65535

# 自动重启设置
StartLimitInterval=5
StartLimitBurst=3

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

# 启用服务
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable mysqld
sudo systemctl start mysqld

9. 设置 root 密码 

​--检查 MySQL 服务状态​
sudo systemctl status mysqld
[root@DB-190 home]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
     Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
     Active: active (running) since Thu 2025-07-03 13:20:30 CST; 5min ago
   Main PID: 35317 (mysqld)
      Tasks: 35 (limit: 47342)
     Memory: 509.6M
        CPU: 1.463s
     CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
             └─35317 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf

Jul 03 13:20:30 DB-190 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
--
# 等待MySQL启动
sleep 10
--
--​确认 socket 文件存在​
sudo ls -l /data/mysql/mysql.sock
--
[root@DB-190 home]# sudo ls -l /data/mysql/mysql.sock
srwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 0 Jul  3 13:20 /data/mysql/mysql.sock
​--连接测试​
# 使用指定 socket 连接
sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -S /data/mysql/mysql.sock -p
--
sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -S /data/mysql/mysql.sock -p
Enter password:
--
# 设置密码-执行密码修改
sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -S /data/mysql/mysql.sock password "P@ssw0rd1"
--
[root@DB-190 home]# sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -S /data/mysql/mysql.sock password "P@ssw0rd2025"
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
--
[root@DB-190 home]# sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -S /data/mysql/mysql.sock -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 8.4.5 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

10. 防火墙配置 

--如果设置了firewalld
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3306/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

11. 验证安装 

# 检查版本
mysql -u root -p -e "SELECT VERSION();"

# 检查数据目录
mysql -u root -p -e "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'datadir';"

# 检查服务状态
sudo systemctl status mysqld
--
[root@DB-190 home]# sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3306/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
FirewallD is not running
FirewallD is not running
[root@DB-190 home]# # 检查版本
mysql -u root -p -e "SELECT VERSION();"

# 检查数据目录
mysql -u root -p -e "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'datadir';"

# 检查服务状态
sudo systemctl status mysqld
Enter password:
+-----------+
| VERSION() |
+-----------+
| 8.4.5     |
+-----------+
Enter password:
+---------------+--------------+
| Variable_name | Value        |
+---------------+--------------+
| datadir       | /data/mysql/ |
+---------------+--------------+
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
     Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; preset: disabled)
     Active: active (running) since Thu 2025-07-03 13:20:30 CST; 10min ago
   Main PID: 35317 (mysqld)
      Tasks: 36 (limit: 47342)
     Memory: 514.1M
        CPU: 2.066s
     CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
             └─35317 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf

Jul 03 13:20:30 DB-190 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
[root@DB-190 home]#
[root@DB-190 home]# tree /data/mysql/
/data/mysql/
├── auto.cnf
├── binlog.000001
├── binlog.index
├── ca-key.pem
├── ca.pem
├── client-cert.pem
├── client-key.pem
├── error.log
├── #ib_16384_0.dblwr
├── #ib_16384_1.dblwr
├── ib_buffer_pool
├── ibdata1
├── ibtmp1
├── #innodb_redo
………………
├── private_key.pem
├── public_key.pem
├── server-cert.pem
├── server-key.pem
├── sys
│   └── sys_config.ibd
├── undo_001
└── undo_002

5 directories, 185 files

12.最终配置检查表 

项目	命令	预期值
数据目录	mysql -uroot -p -e "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'datadir'"	/data/mysql/
版本号	mysql -uroot -p -e "SELECT VERSION()"	8.4.5
服务状态	systemctl status mysqld	active (running)
端口监听	ss -tulnp | grep 3306	LISTEN 状态
开机启动	systemctl enabled mysqld	enabled

​注意​：生产环境建议使用 --initialize 代替 --initialize-insecure 生成随机密码（查看 /data/mysql/error.log）