SpringMVC+Spring+Hibernate搭建实例

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-17 04:21:28 发布

shaunqing

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-17 04:21:28 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/shaunqing/article/details/45539873

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此文是在这篇博文的基础上进行的，原文在这里http://blog.csdn.net/bjyfb/article/details/8998267

1. 说明

搭建SpringMVC+Spring+Hibernate的框架，项目结构如图1所示
图1 项目结构图
引用的jar包为Spring3.2.6和Hibernate4，如图2所示
图2 引用的所有jar包

2. 配置文件

2.1 spring-mvc.xml

注意看其中的注释内容，写的比较详细

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc  
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd"
    default-autowire="byName">

    <!-- 开启注解，java文件里的@ -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

    <!-- 注解扫描包，注意换成自己的路径 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.lq.controller">
        <!-- 只扫描@Controller的部分 -->
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>

    <!--完成请求和注解POJO的映射 -->
    <bean
        class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />

    <!-- 静态资源(js/image)的访问 ，可添加多个-->
    <mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**" />

    <!-- 定义视图解析器 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver"
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

2.2 spring-common.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- 注意下面配置中的spring-*.xsd的版本号要与使用的jar包匹配 -->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!-- 只解析除controller之外的注解(即解析service、dao), 避免重复加载导致事务失效  -->
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.lq">
            <!-- annotation为spting-mvc中解析的内容 -->
            <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
        </context:component-scan>

    <!-- 配置数据源 -->
    <bean id="dataSource"
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
        <!-- 换成自己的数据库路径 -->
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost/mvctest"></property>
        <property name="username" value="root"></property>
        <property name="password" value="root"></property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置SessionFactory -->
    <bean id="sessionFactory"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <!-- packagesToScan 扫描包所在路径（name中的内容其实是个关键字，可以扫描一整个包） -->
        <property name="packagesToScan">
            <list>
                <!-- 此处可添加多个entity -->
                <value>com.lq.entity</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        <property name="hibernateProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
                <!-- 第一次生成数据库的时候用create，之后换成update，否则内容会清空 -->
                <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">create</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.current_session_context_class">org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.SpringSessionContext
                </prop>
            </props>
        </property>     
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置一个事务管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <!-- 拦截的是下段配置aop里设置的路径，即txPointcut中配置的路径 -->
            <!-- 具体的propagation含义请自查 -->
            <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="create*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="merge*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="del*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="remove*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="put*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <tx:method name="use*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
            <!--hibernate4必须配置为开启事务 否则 getCurrentSession()获取不到 -->
            <tx:method name="get*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" />
            <tx:method name="count*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" />
            <tx:method name="find*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" />
            <tx:method name="list*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" />
            <tx:method name="*" read-only="true" />
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>
    <aop:config expose-proxy="true">
        <!-- 只对业务逻辑层（service层）实施事务 -->
        <aop:pointcut id="txPointcut"
            expression="execution(* com.lq.service.*.*(..))" />
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPointcut" />
    </aop:config>
</beans>

2.3 web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
    id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
    <display-name>Spring-MVC-model</display-name>
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
    <!-- 加载所有的配置文件 -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath*:config/spring/spring-*.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <!-- 配置Spring监听 -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <!-- 配置SpringMVC -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath*:config/spring/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <!-- 配置字符集 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <!-- 配置Session -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>openSession</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>openSession</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

3. POJO类

3.1 User

package com.lq.entity;

import javax.persistence.*;
import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;

@Entity
//创建的数据库表名称
@Table(name = "T_USER")
public class User {

    @Id
    //关键字生成模式
    @GeneratedValue(generator = "system-uuid")
    @GenericGenerator(name = "system-uuid", strategy = "uuid")
    @Column(length = 32)
    private String id;

    @Column(length = 32)
    private String userName;

    @Column(length = 32)
    private String age;
    //省略了get和set方法
}

3.2 Customer

package com.lq.entity;

import javax.persistence.*;
import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;

@Entity
@Table(name = "t_customer")
public class Customer {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(generator = "system-uuid")
    @GenericGenerator(name = "system-uuid", strategy = "uuid")
    @Column(length = 32)
    private String id;

    @Column(length = 32)
    private String name;

    @Column(length = 32)
    private String age;
    //省略了get和set方法
}

4. Dao层

4.1 UserDao

package com.lq.dao;

import java.util.List;
import com.lq.entity.User;

public interface UserDao {

    public User getUser(String id);

    public List<User> getAllUser();

    public void addUser(User user);

    public boolean delUser(String id);

    public boolean updateUser(User user);
}

4.2 UserDaoImpl

实现了UserDao中的接口

package com.lq.dao;

import java.util.List;
import javax.annotation.Resource;

import com.lq.entity.User;

import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

//注入
@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {

    //注入已在spring-common.xml中配制好的sessionFactory
    @Resource(name = "sessionFactory")
    private SessionFactory sessionFactory;

    @Override
    public User getUser(String id) {
        String hql = "from User u where u.id=?";
        Query query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql);
        query.setString(0, id);
        return (User) query.uniqueResult();
    }

    @Override
    public List<User> getAllUser() {
        String hql = "from User";
        Query query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql);
        return query.list();
    }

    @Override
    public void addUser(User user) {
        sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().save(user);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean delUser(String id) {
        String hql = "delete User u where u.id = ?";
        Query query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql);
        query.setString(0, id);
        return (query.executeUpdate() > 0);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean updateUser(User user) {
        String hql = "update User u set u.userName = ?,u.age=? where u.id = ?";
        Query query = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(hql);
        query.setString(0, user.getUserName());
        query.setString(1, user.getAge());
        query.setString(2, user.getId());
        return (query.executeUpdate() > 0);
    }
}

4.3 CustomerDao

因为CustomerDao主要是用来测试hibernate的事务机制是否起作用的，所以就写了一个方法

package com.lq.dao;

import com.lq.entity.Customer;

public interface CustomerDao {
    public void addCustomer(Customer customer);
}

4.4 CustomerDaoImpl

package com.lq.dao;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import com.lq.entity.Customer;

@Repository
public class CustomerDaoImpl implements CustomerDao {

    @Resource(name = "sessionFactory")
    private SessionFactory sessionFactory;

    @Override
    public void addCustomer(Customer customer) {
        sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().save(customer);
    }
}

5. Service层

5.1 UserService

package com.lq.service;

import java.util.List;
import com.lq.entity.User;

public interface UserService {

    public User getUser(String id);

    public List<User> getAllUser();

    public void addUser(User user);

    public boolean delUser(String id);

    public boolean updateUser(User user);
}

5.2 UserServiceImpl

package com.lq.service;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.lq.dao.CustomerDao;
import com.lq.dao.UserDao;
import com.lq.entity.Customer;
import com.lq.entity.User;

//注入Service
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    //注入Dao
    @Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;

    @Autowired
    private CustomerDao customerDao;

    @Override
    public User getUser(String id) {
        return userDao.getUser(id);
    }

    @Override
    public List<User> getAllUser() {
        return userDao.getAllUser();
    }

    @Override
    public void addUser(User user) {
        userDao.addUser(user);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean delUser(String id) {
        return userDao.delUser(id);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean updateUser(User user) {
        return userDao.updateUser(user);
    }
}

5.3 CustomerService

package com.lq.service;

import com.lq.entity.Customer;

public interface CustomerService {
    public void addCustomer(Customer customer);
}

5.4 CustomerServiceImpl

package com.lq.service;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.lq.dao.CustomerDao;
import com.lq.entity.Customer;

@Service
public class CustomerServiceImpl implements CustomerService {
    @Autowired
    private CustomerDao customerDao;

    @Override
    public void addCustomer(Customer customer) {
        customerDao.addCustomer(customer);
    }
}

6. Controller层 - UserController

package com.lq.controller;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import com.lq.entity.User;
import com.lq.service.CustomerService;
import com.lq.service.UserService;

//注入controller
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    //注入service
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @Autowired
    private CustomerService customerService;

    @RequestMapping("/getAllUser")
    public String getAllUser(HttpServletRequest request) {
        request.setAttribute("userList", userService.getAllUser());
        return "/index";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/getUser")
    public String getUser(String id, HttpServletRequest request) {
        request.setAttribute("user", userService.getUser(id));
        return "/editUser";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/toAddUser")
    public String toAddUser() {
        return "/addUser";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/addUser")
    public String addUser(User user, HttpServletRequest request) {
        try {
            userService.addUser(user);
            return "redirect:/user/getAllUser";
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return "/error";
        }       
    }

    @RequestMapping("/delUser")
    public void delUser(String id, HttpServletResponse response) {
        String result = "{\"result\":\"error\"}";

        if (userService.delUser(id)) {
            result = "{\"result\":\"success\"}";
        }
        response.setContentType("application/json");
        try {
            PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
            out.write(result);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @RequestMapping("/updateUser")
    public String updateUser(User user, HttpServletRequest request) {
        if (userService.updateUser(user)) {
            user = userService.getUser(user.getId());
            request.setAttribute("user", user);
            return "redirect:/user/getAllUser";
        } else {
            return "/error";
        }
    }
}

7. 前台界面

7.1 index.jsp

在搭建时注意更换自己的路径，别忘了引入jQuery包

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"  
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>  
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>  
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">  
<html>  
<head>  
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>  
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">  
<title>Insert title here</title>  
<script type="text/javascript">  
    function del(id){  
        $.get("/Spring-MVC-model/user/delUser?id=" + id,function(data){  
            if("success" == data.result){  
                alert("删除成功");  
                window.location.reload();  
            }else{  
                alert("删除失败");  
            }  
        });  
    }  
</script>  
</head>  
<body>  
    <h6><a href="/Spring-MVC-model/user/toAddUser">添加用户</a></h6>  
    <table border="1">  
        <tbody>  
            <tr>  
                <th>姓名</th>  
                <th>年龄</th>  
                <th>操作</th>  
            </tr>  
            <c:if test="${!empty userList }">  
                <c:forEach items="${userList }" var="user">  
                    <tr>  
                        <td>${user.userName }</td>  
                        <td>${user.age }</td>  
                        <td>  
                            <a href="/Spring-MVC-model/user/getUser?id=${user.id }">编辑</a>  
                            <a href="javascript:del('${user.id }')">删除</a>  
                        </td>  
                    </tr>               
                </c:forEach>  
            </c:if>  
        </tbody>  
    </table>  
</body>  
</html>

7.2 login.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h5><a href="/Spring-MVC-model/user/getAllUser">进入用户管理页</a></h5>  
</body>
</html>

7.3 addUser.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"  
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>  
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">  
<html>  
<head>  
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">  
<title>Insert title here</title>  
<script type="text/javascript">  
    function addUser(){  
        var form = document.forms[0];  
        form.action = "/Spring-MVC-model/user/addUser";  
        form.method="post";  
        form.submit();  
    }  
</script>  
</head>  
<body>  
    <h1>添加用户</h1>  
    <form action="" name="userForm">  
        姓名：<input type="text" name="userName">  
        年龄：<input type="text" name="age">  
        <input type="button" value="添加" onclick="addUser()">  
    </form>  
</body>  
</html>

7.4 editUser.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"  
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>  
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>    
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">  
<html>  
<head>  
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>  
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">  
<title>Insert title here</title>  
</head>  
<body>  
    <h1>编辑用户</h1>  
    <form action="/Spring-MVC-model/user/updateUser" name="userForm" method="post">  
        <input type="hidden" name="id" value="${user.id }">  
        姓名：<input type="text" name="userName" value="${user.userName }">  
        年龄：<input type="text" name="age" value="${user.age }">  
        <input type="submit" value="编辑" >  
    </form>  
</body>  
</html>

7.5 error.jsp和success.jsp只有一行文字

8. 执行

现在，就可以用tomcat启动工程了，显示效果如下

8.1 载入页面

从此地址进入：http://localhost:8080/Spring-MVC-model/login.jsp
图3 载入页面

8.2 显示存在用户

图4 显示用户

8.3 添加用户

图4 添加用户
图5 添加结果

8.4 删除用户

图6 删除成功
图7 删除成功

9. 检测Hibernate事务机制

首先，在UserServiceImpl中，修改addUser方法

@Override
    public void addUser(User user) {
        /* 用于测试hibernate的事务机制是否起作用
         * 在数据库中把user表的age字段设置为Not NULL，即输入null值会报错
         * 正确保存customer数据后，user数据会因为null值报错
         * 此时，若事务机制启动，则customer和user的数据都不会保存*/
        Customer customer = new Customer();
        customer.setAge("15");
        customer.setName("43");
        customerDao.addCustomer(customer);
        userDao.addUser(user);
    }

然后执行，发现两个表的数据添加成功。
接着，再在该addUser方法下，添加语句，使user的age为null

@Override
    public void addUser(User user) {
        ...
        user.setAge(null);
        userDao.addUser(user);
    }

并数据库中User表的age字段设置为Not null
最后执行，会显示error界面。此时查看数据库，customer和user的数据都没有写入，证明hibernate事务起作用了。

10. 遇到的错误

10.1 jar包引用错误

报错信息如下

org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.BeanDefinitionParsingException: Configuration problem: Cannot locate BeanDefinitionParser for element [resources]

当时没把错误记下来，但是解决方法是一样的。错误原因是由于spring的配置文件中开头的注释与使用的jar包不匹配。
出处：http://stackoverflow.com/questions/13080485/spring-mvc-3-issue-with-the-resources-tag