wxPython笔记（Getting started with wxPython 2）

Getting started with wxPython 2：http://wiki.wxpython.org/Getting%20Started

1.界面元素：

1）菜单栏：wx.MenuBar，状态栏：wx.StatusBar，工具栏：wx.ToolBar

2）各种控件：Sub-classes of wx.Control，如wx.Button, wx.StaticText, wx.TextCtrl and wx.ComboBox

3）控件容器：wx.Panel，可将控件放置到容器中

4）界面元素的层次结构：作为顶层窗口wx.Frame可包含多个Panel，每个Panel可放置多种控件

2.界面元素布局的4种方式：

1）人工布局：精确控制每个控件的大小和位置，不推荐；

2）wx.LayoutConstraints：复杂

3）wx.LayoutAnchors：更容易的使用wx.LayoutConstraints

4）wxSizer：更常用

3.wxSizer不是窗口对象，只是一个控制布局的对象：

1）wxSizer可为每个控件计算合适的大小；

2）遵循设置的布局规则放置各个控件元素；

3）跟随外部窗口的缩放动态调整控件元素的大小和位置

4）存在多种Sizer，如：wx.BoxSizer, 按照水平行或垂直列的方式布局元素；wx.GridSizer, 按照网格方式布局元素；wx.FlexGridSizer, 更灵活的网格布局方式。

示例代码：

import wx
import os

class MainWindow(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent, title):
        self.dirname=''

        # A "-1" in the size parameter instructs wxWidgets to use the default size.
        # In this case, we select 200px width and the default height.
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, title=title, size=(200,-1))
        self.control = wx.TextCtrl(self, style=wx.TE_MULTILINE)
        self.CreateStatusBar() # A Statusbar in the bottom of the window

        # Setting up the menu.
        filemenu= wx.Menu()
        menuOpen = filemenu.Append(wx.ID_OPEN, "&Open"," Open a file to edit")
        menuAbout= filemenu.Append(wx.ID_ABOUT, "&About"," Information about this program")
        menuExit = filemenu.Append(wx.ID_EXIT,"E&xit"," Terminate the program")

        # Creating the menubar.
        menuBar = wx.MenuBar()
        menuBar.Append(filemenu,"&File") # Adding the "filemenu" to the MenuBar
        self.SetMenuBar(menuBar)  # Adding the MenuBar to the Frame content.

        # Events.
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnOpen, menuOpen)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnExit, menuExit)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnAbout, menuAbout)

        self.sizer2 = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
        self.buttons = []
        for i in range(0, 6):
            self.buttons.append(wx.Button(self, -1, "Button &"+str(i)))
            self.sizer2.Add(self.buttons[i], 1, wx.EXPAND)

        # Use some sizers to see layout options
        self.sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        self.sizer.Add(self.control, 1, wx.EXPAND)
        self.sizer.Add(self.sizer2, 0, wx.EXPAND)

        #Layout sizer<span style="font-size:10px;">s, <span style="font-family: sans-serif;">might be shorten to one line</span> window: self.S</span>etSizerAndFit(sizer)
        self.SetSizer(self.sizer)
        self.SetAutoLayout(1)
        self.sizer.Fit(self)
        self.Show()

    def OnAbout(self,e):
        # Create a message dialog box
        dlg = wx.MessageDialog(self, " A sample editor \n in wxPython", "About Sample Editor", wx.OK)
        dlg.ShowModal() # Shows it
        dlg.Destroy() # finally destroy it when finished.

    def OnExit(self,e):
        self.Close(True)  # Close the frame.

    def OnOpen(self,e):
        """ Open a file"""
        dlg = wx.FileDialog(self, "Choose a file", self.dirname, "", "*.*", wx.OPEN)
        if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:
            self.filename = dlg.GetFilename()
            self.dirname = dlg.GetDirectory()
            f = open(os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename), 'r')
            self.control.SetValue(f.read())
            f.close()
        dlg.Destroy()

app = wx.App(False)
frame = MainWindow(None, "Sample editor")
app.MainLoop()