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#include <iostream>
int main()
{ // outer block
int apples(5); // here's the outer block apples
if (apples >= 5) // refers to outer block apples
{ // nested block
// no inner block apples defined
apples = 10; // this now applies to outer block apples, even though we're in an inner block
std::cout << apples; // print value of outer block apples
} // outer block apples retains its value even after we leave the nested block
std::cout << apples; // prints value of outer block apples
return 0;
} // outer block apples destroyed
在这两个例子中,外嵌苹果不会受到嵌套嵌段苹果的影响。这两个程序之间的唯一区别是苹果表达式苹果= 10适用于。
阴影是一般应该避免的东西,因为它是相当混乱!
规则:避免在外部块中使用与变量相同的嵌套变量。
变量应该在最有限的范围内定义
例如,如果变量只在嵌套块中使用,则应该在嵌套块内定义变量.:
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#include <iostream>
int main()
{
// do not define y here
{
// y is only used inside this block, so define it here
int y(5);
cout << y;
}
// otherwise y could still be used here
return 0;
}