webbench源码分析

最新推荐文章于 2021-08-17 10:27:36 发布

Yantai666

最新推荐文章于 2021-08-17 10:27:36 发布

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webbench是一个网站压力测试工具，使用fork模拟多个客户端来请求http get/post，统计发送接数据的字节数，默认超时60秒。

源码还是相对简单的，最主要是得了解http请求的协议，其实也不难就是用socket发送一些规范的字符串而已。

下面是对它的源码分析，全C的，效率应该是比较高的啦。

by shell.albert@gmail.com

/* $Id: socket.c 1.1 1995/01/01 07:11:14 cthuang Exp $
*
* This module has been modified by Radim Kolar for OS/2 emx
*/

/***********************************************************************
module:       socket.c
program:      popclient
SCCS ID:      @(#)socket.c    1.5 4/1/94
programmer:   Virginia Tech Computing Center
compiler:     DEC RISC C compiler (Ultrix 4.1)
environment: DEC Ultrix 4.3
description: UNIX sockets code.
***********************************************************************/

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
//参数为ip地址或域名，客户端端口号
//函数返回创建好的，已经连接上的socket文件描述符。
int Socket(const char *host, int clientPort)
{
    int sock;
    unsigned long inaddr;
    struct sockaddr_in ad;
    struct hostent *hp;

    memset(&ad, 0, sizeof(ad));
    ad.sin_family = AF_INET;

    //将192.168.0.110类似的ip地址转换为网络字节保存起来。
    inaddr = inet_addr(host);
    if (inaddr != INADDR_NONE)
        memcpy(&ad.sin_addr, &inaddr, sizeof(inaddr));
    else
    {
   //域名到IP的转换，先查找/etc/hosts，再向DNS请求。
        hp = gethostbyname(host);
        if (hp == NULL)
            return -1;
        memcpy(&ad.sin_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length);
    }
    ad.sin_port = htons(clientPort);
    //创建一个TCP套接字。
    sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (sock < 0)
        return sock;
    //这里为什么要连接？？难道这个函数是为client准备的？？？
    if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&ad, sizeof(ad)) < 0)
        return -1;
    return sock;
}

/*
* (C) Radim Kolar 1997-2004
* This is free software, see GNU Public License version 2 for
* details.
*
* Simple forking WWW Server benchmark:
*
* Usage:
*   webbench --help
*
* Return codes:
*    0 - sucess
*    1 - benchmark failed (server is not on-line)
*    2 - bad param
*    3 - internal error, fork failed
*
*/
#include "socket.c"
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <rpc/types.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <signal.h>

/* values */
volatile int timerexpired=0;
int speed=0;
int failed=0;
int bytes=0;
/* globals */
int http10=1; /* 0 - http/0.9, 1 - http/1.0, 2 - http/1.1 */
/* Allow: GET, HEAD, OPTIONS, TRACE */
#define METHOD_GET 0
#define METHOD_HEAD 1
#define METHOD_OPTIONS 2
#define METHOD_TRACE 3
#define PROGRAM_VERSION "1.5"
int method=METHOD_GET;
int clients=1;
int force=0;
int force_reload=0;
int proxyport=80;
char *proxyhost=NULL;
int benchtime=30;
/* internal */
int mypipe[2];
char host[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
#define REQUEST_SIZE 2048
char request[REQUEST_SIZE];

//通过man getopt可以查到这个结构体的具体定义
//第1个参数为name,第2个为：no_argument(0),required_argument(1),optional_argument(2).
//第3个为保存的值，第4个为返回的值。
static const struct option long_options[]=
{
{"force",no_argument,&force,1},
{"reload",no_argument,&force_reload,1},
{"time",required_argument,NULL,'t'},
{"help",no_argument,NULL,'?'},
{"http09",no_argument,NULL,'9'},
{"http10",no_argument,NULL,'1'},
{"http11",no_argument,NULL,'2'},
{"get",no_argument,&method,METHOD_GET},
{"head",no_argument,&method,METHOD_HEAD},
{"options",no_argument,&method,METHOD_OPTIONS},
{"trace",no_argument,&method,METHOD_TRACE},
{"version",no_argument,NULL,'V'},
{"proxy",required_argument,NULL,'p'},
{"clients",required_argument,NULL,'c'},
{NULL,0,NULL,0} //规定必须以0结束！
};

/* prototypes */
static void benchcore(const char* host,const int port, const char *request);
static int bench(void);
static void build_request(const char *url);

static void alarm_handler(int signal)
{
   timerexpired=1;
}

static void usage(void)
{
   fprintf(stderr,
   "webbench [option]... URL\n"
   " -f|--force               Don't wait for reply from server.\n"
   " -r|--reload              Send reload request - Pragma: no-cache.\n"
   " -t|--time <sec>          Run benchmark for <sec> seconds. Default 30.\n"
   " -p|--proxy <server:port> Use proxy server for request.\n"
   " -c|--clients <n>         Run <n> HTTP clients at once. Default one.\n"
   " -9|--http09              Use HTTP/0.9 style requests.\n"
   " -1|--http10              Use HTTP/1.0 protocol.\n"
   " -2|--http11              Use HTTP/1.1 protocol.\n"
   " --get                    Use GET request method.\n"
   " --head                   Use HEAD request method.\n"
   " --options                Use OPTIONS request method.\n"
   " --trace                  Use TRACE request method.\n"
   " -?|-h|--help             This information.\n"
   " -V|--version             Display program version.\n"
   );
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int opt=0;
int options_index=0;
char *tmp=NULL;

//检测参数
if(argc==1)
{
      usage();
          return 2;
}

//循环处理命令行的参数，设置相关的条件变量，将设置的参数保存的变量中以备后面使用。
while((opt=getopt_long(argc,argv,"912Vfrt:p:c:?h",long_options,&options_index))!=EOF )
{
switch(opt)
{
   case 0 : break;
   case 'f': force=1;break;
   case 'r': force_reload=1;break;
   case '9': http10=0;break;
   case '1': http10=1;break;
   case '2': http10=2;break;
   case 'V': printf(PROGRAM_VERSION"\n");exit(0);//显示版本信息退出
   case 't': benchtime=atoi(optarg);break;
   case 'p':
         /* proxy server parsing server:port */
         tmp=strrchr(optarg,':');
         proxyhost=optarg;
         if(tmp==NULL)
         {
             break;
         }
         if(tmp==optarg)
         {
             fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s: Missing hostname.\n",optarg);
             return 2;
         }
         if(tmp==optarg+strlen(optarg)-1)
         {
             fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s Port number is missing.\n",optarg);
             return 2;
         }
         *tmp='\0';
         proxyport=atoi(tmp+1);break;
   case ':':
   case 'h':
   case '?': usage();return 2;break;//这里的h和?应该为了显示帮助信息。
   case 'c': clients=atoi(optarg);break;
}
}

//optind是argv的索引值，每次会从0~argc-1变化。
//如果optind等于argc了，则说明没有提供URL参数。（参数个数少1个）。
if(optind==argc) {
                      fprintf(stderr,"webbench: Missing URL!\n");
              usage();
              return 2;
                    }
//防御性编程，如果没有提供值则强制使用默认值。
if(clients==0) clients=1;
if(benchtime==0) benchtime=60;
/* Copyright */
fprintf(stderr,"Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark "PROGRAM_VERSION"\n"
   "Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.\n"
   );
build_request(argv[optind]);
/* print bench info */
printf("\nBenchmarking: ");
switch(method)
{
   case METHOD_GET:
   default:
       printf("GET");break;
   case METHOD_OPTIONS:
       printf("OPTIONS");break;
   case METHOD_HEAD:
       printf("HEAD");break;
   case METHOD_TRACE:
       printf("TRACE");break;
}
printf(" %s",argv[optind]);
switch(http10)
{
   case 0: printf(" (using HTTP/0.9)");break;
   case 2: printf(" (using HTTP/1.1)");break;
}
printf("\n");
if(clients==1) printf("1 client");
else
   printf("%d clients",clients);

printf(", running %d sec", benchtime);
if(force) printf(", early socket close");
if(proxyhost!=NULL) printf(", via proxy server %s:%d",proxyhost,proxyport);
if(force_reload) printf(", forcing reload");
printf(".\n");
return bench();//还有这种写法呀？？俺以前没这么写过,可以省一个中间变量的空间吗？
}

//这是创建一个请求吗？？？？
void build_request(const char *url)
{
char tmp[10];
int i;

bzero(host,MAXHOSTNAMELEN);
bzero(request,REQUEST_SIZE);

if(force_reload && proxyhost!=NULL && http10<1) http10=1;
if(method==METHOD_HEAD && http10<1) http10=1;
if(method==METHOD_OPTIONS && http10<2) http10=2;
if(method==METHOD_TRACE && http10<2) http10=2;

//要求不同的方法，使用不同的请求关键字，这应该是http协议规定的吧。
switch(method)
{
      default:
      case METHOD_GET: strcpy(request,"GET");break;
      case METHOD_HEAD: strcpy(request,"HEAD");break;
      case METHOD_OPTIONS: strcpy(request,"OPTIONS");break;
      case METHOD_TRACE: strcpy(request,"TRACE");break;
}
//要用空格分隔呀
strcat(request," ");

//查找字符串，如果传进来的不是标准的，则出错，一般为http://www.yantai.com.cn.
if(NULL==strstr(url,"://"))
{
      fprintf(stderr, "\n%s: is not a valid URL.\n",url);
      exit(2);
}
//这应该也是防御性编程吧，url应该不会这么长！如果太长了，会导致创建请求溢出！
if(strlen(url)>1500)
{
         fprintf(stderr,"URL is too long.\n");
   exit(2);
}
if(proxyhost==NULL) //忽略大小写的比较，比较前7个字符是不是标准的http协议开头的。
       if (0!=strncasecmp("http://",url,7))
       { fprintf(stderr,"\nOnly HTTP protocol is directly supported, set --proxy for others.\n");
             exit(2);
           }
/* protocol/host delimiter */
i=strstr(url,"://")-url+3;
/* printf("%d\n",i); */

//判断后面是不是www.baidu.com/,这真是奇巴呀！
if(strchr(url+i,'/')==NULL) {
                                fprintf(stderr,"\nInvalid URL syntax - hostname don't ends with '/'.\n");
                                exit(2);
                              }
if(proxyhost==NULL)
{
   /* get port from hostname */
   //index()在一个字符串中查找一个字符的位置,以前还真没使用过这个函数呀！
   if(index(url+i,':')!=NULL &&
      index(url+i,':')<index(url+i,'/'))
   {
       strncpy(host,url+i,strchr(url+i,':')-url-i);
       bzero(tmp,10);
       strncpy(tmp,index(url+i,':')+1,strchr(url+i,'/')-index(url+i,':')-1);
       /* printf("tmp=%s\n",tmp); */
       proxyport=atoi(tmp);
       if(proxyport==0) proxyport=80;
   } else
   {
     strncpy(host,url+i,strcspn(url+i,"/"));
   }
   // printf("Host=%s\n",host);
   strcat(request+strlen(request),url+i+strcspn(url+i,"/"));
} else
{
   // printf("ProxyHost=%s\nProxyPort=%d\n",proxyhost,proxyport);
   strcat(request,url); //追加字符串。
}
if(http10==1)
      strcat(request," HTTP/1.0"); //追加字符串
else if (http10==2)
      strcat(request," HTTP/1.1"); //追加字符串
strcat(request,"\r\n"); //追加回车换行符
if(http10>0)
      strcat(request,"User-Agent: WebBench "PROGRAM_VERSION"\r\n");
if(proxyhost==NULL && http10>0)
{
      strcat(request,"Host: ");
      strcat(request,host);
      strcat(request,"\r\n");
}
if(force_reload && proxyhost!=NULL)
{
      strcat(request,"Pragma: no-cache\r\n");
}
if(http10>1)
      strcat(request,"Connection: close\r\n");
/* add empty line at end */
if(http10>0) strcat(request,"\r\n");
printf("build Req=%s\n",request);

//创建出来的请求字符串，打印出下，拷贝过来的。
//GET / HTTP/1.0
//User-Agent: WebBench 1.5
//Host: www.baidu.com
//这应该是http协议规定的吧.不过这里的回车换行符为\r\n.
}

/* vraci system rc error kod */
static int bench(void)
{
int i,j,k;
pid_t pid=0;
FILE *f;

//使用tcp socket连接到服务器上。
/* check avaibility of target server */
i=Socket(proxyhost==NULL?host:proxyhost,proxyport);
if(i<0) {
       fprintf(stderr,"\nConnect to server failed. Aborting benchmark.\n");
           return 1;
         }
close(i);
/* create pipe */
//创建管道有什么用呀？？一端写，一端读吗？
if(pipe(mypipe))
{
      perror("pipe failed.");
      return 3;
}

/* not needed, since we have alarm() in childrens */
/* wait 4 next system clock tick */
/*
cas=time(NULL);
while(time(NULL)==cas)
        sched_yield();
*/

/* fork childs */ //创建好几个进程！
for(i=0;i<clients;i++)
{
       pid=fork();
       if(pid <= (pid_t) 0)
       {
           /* child process or error*/
               sleep(1); /* make childs faster */
           break;
       }
}

if( pid< (pid_t) 0)
{
          fprintf(stderr,"problems forking worker no. %d\n",i);
      perror("fork failed.");
      return 3;
}

if(pid== (pid_t) 0)
{
    /* I am a child */
    if(proxyhost==NULL)
      benchcore(host,proxyport,request);
         else
      benchcore(proxyhost,proxyport,request);

         /* write results to pipe */
   //fdopen能将一个fd跟FILE*关联，使用流来操作！
   f=fdopen(mypipe[1],"w");
   if(f==NULL)
   {
       perror("open pipe for writing failed.");
       return 3;
   }
   /* fprintf(stderr,"Child - %d %d\n",speed,failed); */
   //这是往流中写入数据呀！！！
   fprintf(f,"%d %d %d\n",speed,failed,bytes);
   fclose(f);
   return 0;
} else
{
      //将管道的读端与流关联！
      f=fdopen(mypipe[0],"r");
      if(f==NULL)
      {
          perror("open pipe for reading failed.");
          return 3;
      }
      setvbuf(f,NULL,_IONBF,0); //无缓冲。
      speed=0;
          failed=0;
          bytes=0;

      while(1)
      {
          pid=fscanf(f,"%d %d %d",&i,&j,&k);
          if(pid<2)
                  {
                       fprintf(stderr,"Some of our childrens died.\n");
                       break;
                  }
          speed+=i;
          failed+=j;
          bytes+=k;
          /* fprintf(stderr,"*Knock* %d %d read=%d\n",speed,failed,pid); */
          if(--clients==0) break;
      }
      fclose(f);

printf("\nSpeed=%d pages/min, %d bytes/sec.\nRequests: %d susceed, %d failed.\n",
          (int)((speed+failed)/(benchtime/60.0f)),
          (int)(bytes/(float)benchtime),
          speed,
          failed);
}
return i;
}

void benchcore(const char *host,const int port,const char *req)
{
int rlen;
char buf[1500];
int s,i;
struct sigaction sa;

/* setup alarm signal handler */
sa.sa_handler=alarm_handler;
sa.sa_flags=0;
if(sigaction(SIGALRM,&sa,NULL))
    exit(3);
alarm(benchtime);

rlen=strlen(req);
nexttry:while(1)
{
    if(timerexpired)
    {
       if(failed>0)
       {
          /* fprintf(stderr,"Correcting failed by signal\n"); */
          failed--;
       }
       return;
    }
    s=Socket(host,port);
    if(s<0) { failed++;continue;}
    //向服务器发送请求字符串。
    if(rlen!=write(s,req,rlen)) {failed++;close(s);continue;}
    if(http10==0)
        if(shutdown(s,1)) { failed++;close(s);continue;}
    if(force==0)
    {
            /* read all available data from socket */
        while(1) //反复读取服务器的返回
        {
              if(timerexpired) break;
          i=read(s,buf,1500);
               fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",buf);
          if(i<0)
              {
                 failed++;
                 close(s);
                 goto nexttry;
              }
           else
               if(i==0) break;
               else
                   bytes+=i; //累加读回的值。
        }
    }
    if(close(s)) {failed++;continue;}
    speed++;
}
}

Yantai666

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webbench源码分析

webbench是一个网站压力测试工具，使用fork模拟多个客户端来请求http get/post，统计发送接数据的字节数，默认超时60秒。源码还是相对简单的，最主要是得了解http请求的协议，其实也不难就是用socket发送一些规范的字符串而已。下面是对它的源码分析，全C的，效率应该是比较高的啦。by shell.albert@gmail.com/* $Id: socket
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