Jetpack架构之Room

room为Jetpack的数据库组件，是sqlite的封装，可以更加方便操作数据库。而且支持RxJava和LiveData

先配置下root下面的build.gradle

// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.

buildscript {
    repositories {
        maven { url 'http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/' }
        maven { url "https://jitpack.io" }
        google()
        
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.5.2'
        
        classpath 'androidx.navigation:navigation-safe-args-gradle-plugin:latest.release'
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        maven { url 'http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/' }
        maven { url "https://jitpack.io" }
        google()
    }
}

task clean(type: Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

添加依赖

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
    compileSdkVersion 29
    buildToolsVersion "29.0.2"
    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.example.tests"
        minSdkVersion 19
        targetSdkVersion 29
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
      

        //数据库配置，添加这个配置是为了避免编译报错
        javaCompileOptions {
            annotationProcessorOptions {
                arguments = [
                        "room.schemaLocation"  : "$projectDir/schemas".toString(),
                        "room.incremental"     : "true",
                        "room.expandProjection": "true"]
            }
        }


    }
    
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }

    dependencies {
        implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
        implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:latest.release'

        //其他组件
        implementation 'androidx.legacy:legacy-support-v4:latest.release'
        implementation 'androidx.annotation:annotation:latest.release'

        //数据库
        //kapt "androidx.room:room-compiler:latest.release"
        //implementation "androidx.room:room-ktx:latest.release"
        implementation "androidx.room:room-runtime:latest.release"
        annotationProcessor "androidx.room:room-compiler:latest.release"
        implementation "androidx.room:room-rxjava2:latest.release"
        implementation "androidx.room:room-guava:latest.release"

        //squareup
        implementation 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:latest.release'
        implementation 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:latest.release'
        
    }
}

先建立一个数据表，同时也是bean类

package com.example.tests.data.database;

import androidx.room.ColumnInfo;
import androidx.room.Entity;
import androidx.room.PrimaryKey;

@Entity
public class User {
    @PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true)
    public int uid;

    @ColumnInfo(name = "name")
    public String name;

    @ColumnInfo(name = "pwd")
    public String password;

}

写数据库接口方法

package com.example.tests.data.database;

import androidx.room.Dao;
import androidx.room.Delete;
import androidx.room.Insert;
import androidx.room.Query;

import java.util.List;

@Dao
public interface UserDao {

	//此处的user, 是类的名字，类名即表名
    @Query("SELECT * FROM user")
    List<User> getAll();

    @Query("SELECT * FROM user WHERE uid IN (:userIds)")
    List<User> loadAllByIds(int[] userIds);

    @Query("SELECT * FROM user WHERE name LIKE :first AND name LIKE :last LIMIT 1")
    User findByName(String first, String last);

    @Insert
    void insertAll(User... users);

    @Delete
    void delete(User user);


}

定义接口方法的生成类

package com.example.tests.data.database;

import androidx.room.Database;
import androidx.room.RoomDatabase;

@Database(entities = {User.class}, version = 2)
public abstract class AppDatabase extends RoomDatabase {
    public abstract UserDao userDao();
}

使用的时候，可以在Application中开启

   //初始化数据库
        AppDatabase db = Room.databaseBuilder(getApplicationContext(),
                AppDatabase.class, "database-name")
                .addMigrations(MIGRATION_1_2).build();

.addMigrations(MIGRATION_1_2)方法是升级数据库使用的
一般在改变表格结构才需要

 //对数据库进行迁移。
        Migration MIGRATION_1_2 = new Migration(1, 2) {
            @Override
            public void migrate(SupportSQLiteDatabase database) {
                database.execSQL("CREATE TABLE `user_t` (`uid` INTEGER  PRIMARY KEY autoincrement ,`name` TEXT,`pwd` TEXT)");
                database.execSQL("INSERT INTO `user_t` (`name` , `pwd`) SELECT `name`, `pwd` FROM `user`");
                database.execSQL("DROP TABLE `user`");
                database.execSQL("ALTER TABLE `user_t` RENAME TO `user`");
            }
        };

使用上很简单

    			User u = new User();
                u.name = user.getDisplayName();
                u.password = user.getPassword();
                MainApplication.db.userDao().insertAll(u);