首先来看一道笔试题:
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashSet;
public class Foo {
int value;
Foo(int value) {
this.value = value;
}
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (obj instanceof Foo) {
Foo foo = (Foo) obj;
return value == foo.value;
} else {
return false;
}
}
/**
public int hashCode() {
return this.value;
}
*/
public static void main(String... args) {
ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
HashSet set = new HashSet();
Foo f1 = new Foo(1);
Foo f2 = new Foo(1);
list.add(f1);
set.add(f2);
Foo f3 = new Foo(1);
Foo f4 = new Foo(1);
System.out.println(list.contains(f3) + "," + set.contains(f4));
}
}
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashSet;
public class Foo {
int value;
Foo(int value) {
this.value = value;
}
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (obj instanceof Foo) {
Foo foo = (Foo) obj;
return value == foo.value;
} else {
return false;
}
}
/**
public int hashCode() {
return this.value;
}
*/
public static void main(String... args) {
ArrayList list = new ArrayList();
HashSet set = new HashSet();
Foo f1 = new Foo(1);
Foo f2 = new Foo(1);
list.add(f1);
set.add(f2);
Foo f3 = new Foo(1);
Foo f4 = new Foo(1);
System.out.println(list.contains(f3) + "," + set.contains(f4));
}
}
答案:true,false 打开注释后,结果为:true ,true
下面分析为什么,我们先看看JDK中ArrayList的方法contains()的源代码:
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?public boolean contains(Object o) {
return indexOf(o) >= 0;
}
public boolean contains(Object o) {
return indexOf(o) >= 0;
}
其中调用了indexOf(),我们接着看,
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?public int indexOf(Object o) {
if (o == null) {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
if (elementData[i]==null)
return i;//如果o为空且集合中i位置处也为空,返回i
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
if (o.equals(elementData[i]))
return i;//如果o不为空,且集合中i位置对象equals对象o,返回i
}
return -1;//否则返回-1
}
public int indexOf(Object o) {
if (o == null) {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
if (elementData[i]==null)
return i;//如果o为空且集合中i位置处也为空,返回i
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
if (o.equals(elementData[i]))
return i;//如果o不为空,且集合中i位置对象equals对象o,返回i
}
return -1;//否则返回-1
}
所以,因为list中有对象f1,而f1.equals(f3)为true,所以执行indexOf()方法返回0,执行contains()返回true;
在来看HashSet中contains()方法源代码:
view plaincopy to clipboardprint?public boolean contains(Object o) {
return map.containsKey(o);
}
public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
return getEntry(key) != null;
}
final Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) {
int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key.hashCode());
for (Entry<K,V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)];
e != null;
ee = e.next) {
Object k;
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
return e;
}
return null;
}
public boolean contains(Object o) {
return map.containsKey(o);
}
public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
return getEntry(key) != null;
}
final Entry<K,V> getEntry(Object key) {
int hash = (key == null) ? 0 : hash(key.hashCode());
for (Entry<K,V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)];
e != null;
e = e.next) {
Object k;
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
return e;
}
return null;
}
由于Foo类中重写了equals()而没有重写hashCode()方法,所以会执行父类Object 中的 hashCode 方法,(会针对不同的对象返回不同的整数,具体是将该对象的内部地址转换成一个整数来实现的),由于f2和f4内存地址不同,所以hashcode也不同,所以执行getEntry()方法返回null,执行containsKey返回false,当然的执行contains()也会返回false;
综上所述:对于一个类重写了equals()方法后,重写它的hashCode()方法是必要的,以维护 hashCode 方法的常规协定:相同的对象必须具有相等的哈希码。
ArrayList和HashSet中contains方法的不同