java 单实例模式 4种 【饿汉，懒汉，静态内部类，枚举】

创建单例3步骤

1、构造函数私有化
2、持有该类的私有化静态对象
3、获取单例的静态方法

饿汉模式

public class EHam {
    private static EHam eHam = new EHam();
    private EHam(){};
    public static EHam getInstance(){
        return eHam;
    }
}

懒汉模式

1. 非线程安全 【错误的XXX】

public class LHam {

    private static LHam lHam = null;
    private LHam(){
    }
    public static LHam getInstance(){

        if (lHam == null ) {
            lHam = new LHam();
        }
        return lHam;
    }
}

2. 安全模式

public class SafeLHam {
    private static SafeLHam safeLHam = null;
    private SafeLHam(){
    }
    public static synchronized SafeLHam getInstance(){
        if ( safeLHam == null ){
            safeLHam = new SafeLHam();
        }
        return safeLHam;
    }
}

双检查锁

public class DoubleCheck {

    private static DoubleCheck doubleCheck = null;
    private DoubleCheck(){
    }

    public static DoubleCheck getInstance(){
        if( doubleCheck == null ){
            synchronized (DoubleCheck.class){
                if ( doubleCheck == null )
                    doubleCheck = new DoubleCheck();
            }
        }
        return doubleCheck;
    }
}

内部静态类

public class SingleTon {

    private static class SingleTonHolder{
        private static final SingleTon INSTANCE = new SingleTon();
    }
    private SingleTon(){
    }

    public static SingleTon getInstance(){
        return SingleTonHolder.INSTANCE;
    }

}

枚举创建单例

实现方式通过Java 枚举类型本身的特性，保证了实例创建的线程安全性和实例的唯一性

/**
 * 通过枚举创建单例，枚举本身就是单例的
 */

public enum IdGeneratorEnum {

    INSTANCE;

    private AtomicLong id = new AtomicLong(0);

    public long getId() {
        return id.incrementAndGet();
    }


}