select是linux下服务器的多重IO复用的机制,可以对多种IO在同一个进程下面进行处理,比如同时有标准输入、标准输出、某一个socket连接的可读、某另外一个连接的可写等等,都可以在一个流程中进行处理, 其原理是:因为linux下面将标准输入、标准输出、标准错误、socket等都视为某一种文件类型,所以就可以统一使用一种方式对其进行操作,在这个同一的方式上,又细分为当有可读的文件、当有可写的文件、当有出错的文件时,此时select函数才返回。
select可以用于高并发的socket服务器,下面是两个客户端与服务器端的tcp的连接,不需要使用多线程,使用select即可实现recv的持续接收:
服务器端源代码:
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <time.h>
#define MAX 100
int main()
{
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(sockfd < 0)
{
printf("create sockfd failed\n");
return -1;
}
struct sockaddr_in local, client;
local.sin_family = AF_INET;
local.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
local.sin_port = htons(5000);
socklen_t size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
if(bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&local, size) != 0)
{
printf("bind failed\n");
close(sockfd);
return -2;
}
listen(sockfd, MAX);
fd_set set;
FD_ZERO(&set);
FD_SET(sockfd, &set);
int clientfd[MAX];
int i = 0;
for(i = 0; i < MAX; i++)
{
clientfd[i] = -1;
}
int maxfd = sockfd;
int clientfdnum = 0;
char recvbuf[256] = {0};
while(1)
{
FD_ZERO(&set);
FD_SET(sockfd, &set);
for(i = 0; i < MAX; i++)
{
if(clientfd[i] >= 0)
{
FD_SET(clientfd[i], &set);
}
}
int num = select(maxfd+1, &set, NULL, NULL, 0);
if(num < 0)
{
break;
}
else if(num == 0)
{
continue;
}
if(FD_ISSET(sockfd, &set))
{
int newsockfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&client, &size);
if(newsockfd <= 0)
{
continue;
}
for(i = 0; i < MAX; i++)
{
if(clientfd[i] < 0)
{
clientfd[i] = newsockfd;
clientfdnum++;
break;
}
}
if(newsockfd > maxfd)
{
maxfd = newsockfd;
}
}
for(i = 0; i < MAX; i++)
{
if((clientfd[i] > 0) && (FD_ISSET(clientfd[i], &set)))
{
int len = recv(clientfd[i], recvbuf, 256, 0);
if(len > 0)
{
printf("recv: %s\n", recvbuf);
memset((void *)recvbuf, 0, 256);
}
else
{
close(clientfd[i]);
FD_CLR(clientfd[i], &set);
clientfd[i] = 0;
clientfdnum--;
}
}
}
}
for(i = 0; i < MAX; i++)
{
if(clientfd[i] >= 0)
{
close(clientfd[i]);
}
}
close(sockfd);
}
客户端源代码:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include "stdio.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
int main()
{
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(sockfd < 0)
{
printf("create sockfd failed\n");
return -1;
}
struct sockaddr_in server, local;
server.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET, 服务器IP地址, &(server.sin_addr)); // 请将此处更换为服务器的IP地址
server.sin_port = htons(5000);
socklen_t size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
if(connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&server, size) != 0)
{
printf("connect failed\n");
close(sockfd);
return -2;
}
char *buf = "1234567abcdefg";
while(1)
{
int len = send(sockfd, buf, 14, 0);
printf("send len = %d\n", len);
sleep(2);
}
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}