JPA入门

 

1. JPA(Java Persistence API) Java持久化API。是sun公司在ORM领域的规范，旨在结束Hibernate，TopLink等各

    自为政的局面。使用JPA的好处是具有良好的伸缩性和可维护性。

 

2. JPA开发环境的搭建

    需要的jar包：

    Hibernate核心包(8个文件)hibernate-distribution-3.3.1.GA   
   -----------------------------------------------------------
   hibernate3.jar
   lib/bytecode/cglib/hibernate-cglib-repack-2.1_3.jar
   lib/required/*.jar

   Hibernate注解包(3个文件)：hibernate-annotations-3.4.0.GA
   ---------------------------------------------------------
   hibernate-annotations.jar
   lib/ejb3-persistence.jar, hibernate-commons-annotations.jar

   Hibernate针对JPA的实现包(3个文件)：hibernate-entitymanager-3.4.0.GA   
   ----------------------------------------------------------------------
   hibernate-entitymanager.jar
   lib/test/log4j.jar, slf4j-log4j12.jar

 

    配置文件：persistence.xml，该文件应该放在类路径下的META-INF目录中。

   Transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL"

 

    <? xml   version = "1.0" ?>   

1.   
2. < persistence   xmlns = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"   
3. xsi:schemaLocation = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd"   version = "1.0" >   
4.   
5. < persistence-unit   name = "itcast"   transaction-type = "RESOURCE_LOCAL" >   
6.   
7.    < properties >   
8.     < property   name = "hibernate.dialect"   value = "org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect"   />   
9.     < property   name = "hibernate.connection.driver_class"   value = "org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver"   />   
10.     < property   name = "hibernate.connection.username"   value = "root"   />   
11.     < property   name = "hibernate.connection.password"   value = "123456"   />   
12.     < property   name = "hibernate.connection.url"   value = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/itcast?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8"   />   
13.     < property   name = "hibernate.max_fetch_depth"   value = "3"   />   
14.     < property   name = "hib..ernate.show_sql"   value = "true"   />   
15.     < property   name = "hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto"   value = "update" />   
16.    </ properties >   
17.   
18. </ persistence-unit >   
19.   
20. </ persistence >  

    Tansaction-type="JTA"

 

   

1. <? xml   version = "1.0"   encoding = "UTF-8" ?>   
2.   
3. < persistence   version = "1.0"   
4. xmlns:persistence = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"   
5. xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"   
6. xsi:schemaLocation = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence persistence_1_0.xsd " >   
7.   
8. <!--   
9.      Name属性用于定义持久化单元的名字 (name必选,空值也合法);  
10.      transaction-type 指定事务类型(可选)   
11. -->   
12. < persistence-unit   name = "unitName"   transaction-type = "JTA" >   
13.   
14.    <!-- 描述信息.(可选) -->   
15.    < description >   </ description >   
16.   
17.    <!-- javax.persistence.PersistenceProvider接口的一个实现类(可选) -->   
18.    < provider >     </ provider >   
19.   
20.    <!-- Jta-data-source和 non-jta-data-source用于分别指定持久化提供商使用的JTA和/或non-JTA数据源的全局JNDI名称(可选) -->   
21.    < jta-data-source > java:/MySqlDS </ jta-data-source >   
22.    < non-jta-data-source >   </ non-jta-data-source >   
23.   
24.    <!-- 声明orm.xml所在位置.(可选) -->   
25.    < mapping-file > product.xml </ mapping-file >   
26.   
27.    <!-- 以包含persistence.xml的jar文件为基准的相对路径,添加额外的jar文件.(可选) -->   
28.    < jar-file > ../lib/model.jar </ jar-file >   
29.   
30.    <!-- 显式列出实体类,在Java SE 环境中应该显式列出.(可选) -->   
31.    < class > com.domain.User </ class >   
32.    < class > com.domain.Product </ class >   
33.   
34.    <!-- 声明是否扫描jar文件中标注了@Enity类加入到上下文.若不扫描,则如下:(可选) -->   
35.    < exclude-unlisted-classes />   
36.   
37.    <!--   厂商专有属性(可选)   -->   
38.    < properties >   
39.     <!-- hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto= create-drop / create / update -->   
40.     < property   name = "hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto"   value = "update"   />   
41.     < property   name = "hibernate.show_sql"   value = "true"   />   
42.    </ properties >   
43.   
44. </ persistence-unit >   
45.   
46. </ persistence >